Understanding how social worker compassion fatigue and years of experience shape custodial decisions     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundCompassion fatigue (i.e., a worker’s diminished ability to empathize with clients) is common among “helping workers” and can result in psychological detachment from clients as a coping mechanism.ObjectiveIn the present research, we explored the relationship between social workers’ compassion fatigue and years of job experience on hypothetical child custody case judgments.Participants and settingIn two separate studies, individuals with experience working with children in child dependency court (predominantly social workers, Study 1: N = 173, Study 2: N = 119) were recruited on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and read a vignette depicting a mother attempting to regain custody.ResultsSupporting hypotheses, compassion fatigue significantly mediated the relationship between increased years of social worker job experience on recommendations that a neglectful mother receive custody, Indirect Effect = .06, CIs [.026, .127] (Study 1). We also found preliminary support for our hypothesized theoretically derived serial path model, in which (a) social worker compassion fatigue predicts anticipated secondary traumatic stress associated with the child neglect case, B = .54, p = .0001; (b) secondary traumatic stress predicts detachment from the neglected child, B = .27, p = .0003; (c) detachment from the child predicts job efficacy cynicism B = .65, p < .0001; and (d) job efficacy cynicism predicts decisions to allocate custody to the neglectful mother, B = .46, p = .005 (Study 2).ConclusionOur research shows that compassion fatigue among social workers may change the lens through which they perceive cases of child abuse.  相似文献   

Audience management,online turbulence and lurking in social networking services: A transactional process of stress perspective     

《International Journal of Information Management》2021

In social networking services (SNSs), users’ unclear understanding of the large and invisible audience increases the chances of online turbulence, which is a key source of SNS-induced stress. This growing phenomenon has gained increasing attention in academia and industry due to the undesirable consequences for users and SNS platforms. In this study, we draw from the transactional model of stress to examine how audience management strategies impact online turbulence and lead to neglected unintended audience concern and lurking. We also investigate the role of self-monitoring as a stress inhibitor. We test our model with data collected from 301 SNS users. The results show that the four types of audience management strategies have different effects on online turbulence, which significantly impacts neglected unintended audience concern especially when users have high self-monitoring skills. We believe that this work contributes, both from scientific and practical standpoints, to the understanding of the interventions and stressful responses of online turbulence in SNSs.  相似文献   

Acculturative stress and cultural identity styles as predictors of psychosocial functioning in Hispanic Americans     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2021

We test acculturative stress, Hybrid (HIS) and Alternating (AIS) Identity Styles, and their interaction effects as predictors of psychosocial functioning over a 12-day period among Hispanic American university students. Participants completed measures of acculturative stress, HIS, AIS, and internalizing (anxiety and depression) and externalizing (social aggression and rule-breaking) symptoms on Day 1; on Day 12 they completed the symptom measures a second time. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the Day 1 effects of acculturative stress, cultural identity styles, and their interactions on Day 12 symptoms controlling for the Day 1 symptoms. We hypothesized that acculturative stress would predict more, and the HIS would predict fewer, symptoms and that the AIS would moderate the relationship between acculturative stress and symptoms over time. Results indicated that: (1) acculturative stress predicted an increase in internalizing symptoms; (2) the HIS predicted a decrease in internalizing and externalizing symptoms; and (3) the AIS attenuated the relationship between acculturative stress and externalizing symptoms. The results are discussed in relation to the distinctive features of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and recommendations for future research are advanced.  相似文献   

Effect on growth and productivity of lutein from the chlorophyta microalga,strain MCH of Muriellopsis sp., when grown in sea water and outdoor conditions at the Atacama Desert     

《Electronic Journal of Biotechnology》2021

BackgroundMicroalgae are microorganisms that produce various products, for example, pigments, mainly carotenoids. This study aimed to used the strain of Muriellopsis sp. and to evaluate their behavior when grown in freshwater and seawater, along with indoor and outdoor conditions for both cultures. Growth of the strain was evaluated by determining its biomass, lutein productivity with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and antioxidant activity by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil (DPPH method).ResultsMuriellopsis sp. strain in indoor cultures showed an increased antioxidant activity. In outdoor conditions, both cultures showed increased cells number, concentration of biomass, and lutein productivity. The percentage of lutein obtained from the strain MCH in indoor conditions was 25 times higher than that reported for calendula, reaching 0.75% of lutein in Muriellopsis sp. cultured in seawater, followed by 0.6% in Muriellopsis sp., cultures in freshwater at day 12 of both cultures. These values exceed that of microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis, which reaches 0.53% lutein.ConclusionsThe results show that the native strain of the Atacama Desert is one of the largest producers of lutein as compared to those reported to date. The study demonstrated the feasibility of producing this carotenoid with well-known properties to prevent some diseases due to its high nutritional value. Muriellopsis sp. cultivation in open-air seawater is a good precedent for developing mass production of this species in an area where freshwater is scarce and costly.How to cite: Cruz-Balladares V, Marticorena P, Riquelme C. Effect on growth and productivity of lutein from the chlorophyta microalga, strain MCH of Muriellopsis sp., when grown in sea water and outdoor conditions at the Atacama Desert. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.09.001  相似文献   

肺动脉高压发病机制及有氧运动干预对其改善的分子机制研究进展     

滑艺杰  王友华 《中国体育科技》2020,(5):71-79

肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是一类以肺动脉渐进性闭塞导致肺血管阻力逐渐升高继而诱发右心室衰竭的一种恶性肺血管疾病。PAH病理发生、发展的机制包括炎症反应诱发的内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS),继而促使血管平滑肌细胞过度增殖和迁移;以及线粒体自噬相关蛋白PINK1和Parkin以及LC3的表达增加,使血管平滑肌呈现抗凋亡表型,并伴随有氧氧化功能损伤,无氧酵解依赖性增加等问题。PAH进一步发展会诱发多种并发症,包括低氧血症、肺纤维化以及右心肥大,可直接引起肺动脉压增加,继而增加心脏压力导致心力衰竭,这是病理发展的主要方向。作为可能治疗PAH的手段之一,有氧运动可从调控ERS、线粒体自噬、改善机体代谢3个方面抑制PAH病理进程。研究综述了近年来关于PAH发生、发展的分子机制的研究进展,进一步论述了有氧运动对PAH改善的分子机制。  相似文献   

Development and initial validation of an instrument to assess stressors among South African sports coaches     

Alliance Kubayi  Abel Toriola  Faye Didymus 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(12):1378-1384

The aim of this series of studies was to develop and initially validate an instrument to assess stressors among South African sports coaches. In study one, a preliminary pool of 45 items was developed based on existing literature and an expert panel was employed to assess the content validity and applicability of these items. In study two, the 32 items that were retained after study one were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). The resultant factorial structure comprised four components: environmental stressors, performance stressors, task-related stressors, and athlete stressors. These four components were made up of 26 items and, together, the components and items comprised the provisional Stressors in Sports Coaching Questionnaire (SSCQ). The results show that the SSCQ demonstrates acceptable internal consistency (.73–.89). The findings provide preliminary evidence that SSCQ is a valid tool to assess stressors among South African sports coaches.  相似文献   

Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Based Group Intervention On College Students     

Jason Parcover  Mary Jo Coiro  Esther Finglass  Emily Barr 《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2018,32(4):312-329

Increases in the number of college students seeking mental health services require counseling centers to explore innovative strategies to provide effective and efficient treatments. Group interventions offer an alternative to traditional individual counseling, allowing centers to serve more students with fewer clinical staff (Burlingame et al., 2016). Of current group modalities, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been growing in popularity as an effective approach for addressing college students’ increasingly complex needs. This study describes the evaluation of a three-session mindfulness-based intervention on students’ mindfulness, symptoms, and stress. Compared to a comparison group of 109 students not seeking counseling center services, 78 students who received the intervention reported increased mindfulness, and decreased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress at the end of the group. Furthermore, improvements in mindfulness mediated intervention effects on symptoms of depression and anxiety. These gains were generally maintained 3 weeks later. These findings support the benefits of brief group interventions for college students. Suggestions for modifications to the intervention and for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Psychological responses to reservation-based discrimination: A qualitative study of socially marginalized youth at a premier Indian university     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2020

Given the history of caste politics in India, it is not surprising that the socially marginalized students face discrimination, especially after the introduction of the reservation policy (affirmative action) in educational institutes. Our qualitative study, informed by Meyer’s Minority Stress model, analysed in-depth interviews with 30 undergraduate students, 3 faculty members, and 4 administrative officials at a premier Indian university to examine the psychological wellbeing of the reserved category students. We analysed how the discrimination processes contributed to students’ poor academic performance, low self-esteem, and weak motivation. Student group affiliations and university resources created a supportive environment for the socially marginalized, despite a small risk of stigmatization due to enrolment in a few campus support-programs. Moreover, there existed a palpable frustration among the socially privileged students, resulting in discriminatory attitudes against reserved categories but not “lower” caste. Our findings call for the attention of college administrators, policymakers, and the society at large to ensure that well-intended social justice policies are efficiently implemented, to deliver justice to the underprivileged students of India.  相似文献   

Ferulic acid prevents liver injury and increases the anti-tumor effect of diosbulbin B in vivo   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jun-ming WANG  Yu-chen SHENG  Li-li JI  Zheng-tao WANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(6):540-547

The present study is designed to investigate the protection by ferulic acid against the hepatotoxicity induced by diosbulbin B and its possible mechanism, and further observe whether ferulic acid augments diosbulbin B-induced anti-tumor activity. The results show that ferulic acid decreases diosbulbin B-increased serum alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase (ALT/AST) levels. Ferulic acid also decreases lipid peroxide (LPO) levels which are elevated in diosbulbin B-treated mice. Histological evaluation of the liver demonstrates hydropic degeneration in diosbulbin B-treated mice, while ferulic acid reverses this injury. Moreover, the activities of copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) are decreased in the livers of diosbulbin B-treated mice, while ferulic acid reverses these decreases. Further results demonstrate that the mRNA expressions of CuZn-SOD and CAT in diosbulbin B-treated mouse liver are significantly decreased, while ferulic acid prevents this decrease. In addition, ferulic acid also augments diosbulbin B-induced tumor growth inhibition compared with diosbulbin B alone. Taken together, the present study shows that ferulic acid prevents diosbulbin B-induced liver injury via ameliorating diosbulbin B-induced liver oxidative stress injury and augments diosbulbin B-induced anti-tumor activity.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the optimum pre-stressing pressure and wall thickness determination of thick-walled spherical vessels under internal pressure     

M.H. Kargarnovin  H. Darijani  R. Naghdabadi 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2007,344(5):439-451

In the present study, in the first part for a spherical vessel with known dimensions and working pressure, two methods of hoop and equivalent stress optimization across the wall thickness are employed to determine the best autofrettage pressure. In the next part for a predefined working pressure the minimum wall thickness of the vessel is calculated using two other design criteria i.e. (A) optimizing the hoop stress, and (B) assuming a suitable percent for the penetration of yielding within the wall thickness. Finally, the optimum thickness and the necessary strengthening pressure are extracted and different plots are introduced for different types of structural materials under different internal pressures.  相似文献