Directed collaboration patterns in funded teams: A perspective of knowledge flow     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103237

Collaborations in funded teams are essential for understanding funded research and funding policies, although of high interest, are still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate directed collaboration patterns from the perspective of the knowledge flow, which is measured based on the academic age. To this end, we proposed a project-based team identification approach, which gives particular attention to funded teams. The method is applicable to other funding systems. Based on identified scientific teams, we detected recurring and significant subgraph patterns, known as network motifs, and under-represented patterns, known as anti-motifs. We found commonly occurred motifs and anti-motifs are remarkably characterized by different structures matching certain functions in knowledge exchanges. Collaboration patterns represented by motifs favor hierarchical structures, supporting intensive interactions across academic generations. Anti-motifs are more likely to show chain-like structures, hindering potentially various knowledge activities, and are thus seldom found in real collaboration networks. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of funded collaborations and also the funding system. Meanwhile, our findings are helpful for researchers, the public and policymakers to gain knowledge on research(ers) evolution, particularly in terms of primordial collaboration patterns.  相似文献   

Back to common sense: Oxford dictionary descriptive knowledge augmentation for aspect-based sentiment analysis     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(3):103260

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知识转移视角下复杂产品产学研协同创新管理机制研究     

李培哲  菅利荣  刘勇 《科技管理研究》2019,39(2)

复杂产品协同创新是一项复杂的系统工程,具有研发周期长、系统组成复杂、技术难度和投资风险大等特点,传统管理模式很难满足其产学研协同创新的要求,需要科学、合理的管理机制作为保障。以知识转移为视角,从关系契约管理和非正式网络管理两方面设计了复杂产品产学研协同创新的管理机制,提出关系契约管理和非正式网络管理在复杂产品产学研创新活动中会协同发生作用,能有效促进创新主体间显性知识和隐性知识的转移,保证产学研协同创新活动的顺利进行。  相似文献   

How to facilitate knowledge diffusion in complex networks: The roles of network structure,knowledge role distribution and selection rule     

《International Journal of Information Management》2019

The diffusion of knowledge within organizations provides opportunities for interpersonal co-operation, improves creative ability and therefore leads to competitive advantage. Focus of prior literature on knowledge diffusion has been on identifying factors that influence individuals' behavioral intentions to seek and share knowledge. However, knowledge diffusion as an enigmatic, emergent and organizational-level process is more than the simple aggregation of individual attributes and needs to be further investigated. Accordingly, this study focuses on three distinct system-level factors, i.e., architectures of connections among individuals, distributions of knowledge roles and designs of selection mechanisms and analyses their effects on knowledge diffusion. To be more specific, we examine three distinct knowledge roles: seekers, contributors and brokers. We also distinguish between three types of selection mechanisms: objective selection mechanisms, feedback-based selection mechanisms and random selection mechanisms. By conducting agent-based simulations on four representative networks, i.e., regular networks, random networks, small-world networks and scale-free networks, our results show that the optimal knowledge diffusion performance can be achieved on scale-free networks where all agents implement objective mechanisms and show characteristics of brokers. Moreover, our results (a) highlight the significance of brokers, (b) illustrate the superiority of objective selection rules and (c) demonstrate that scale-free networks provide an optimal framework for knowledge diffusion. Furthermore, we also find the interdependent relevance of these three factors to knowledge diffusion and propose a qualitative explanation of these findings.  相似文献   

重释知识产权的对象     

贾小龙  管慧慧 《科技管理研究》2019,(19)

知识产权对象与客体的界定长期无法达成一致,对知识产权法学的体系化具有不利影响。从传统民事权利对象的界定方法来看,知识产权的对象就是知识和信息,是有价值、可再现并与现有知识、信息相区别的知识和信息,具体包括作品、专利技术方案、商标以及其他未公开的信息。结合权利的本质可知,知识产权的客体就是利用这些知识信息所生之利益。权利客体的财产性和权利对象的独特性,是知识产权成为独立一类民事权利的二元依据。  相似文献   

“All for One and One for All?” - Knowledge broker roles in managing tensions of internal coopetition: The Ubisoft case     

Paul Chiambaretto  David Massé  Nicola Mirc 《Research Policy》2019,48(3):584-600

Coopetition, i.e., cooperation between competing actors, has become a pervasive strategy for innovative firms. The primary focus of studies investigating coopetition centers on inter-firm relationships, highlighting the benefits, limits and configurational patterns of cooperative relationships between competing firms. Only a small, emerging group of studies seeks to extend the concept to the intra-firm level, stressing the existence and effects of competition and cooperation between units that are part of the same organization. This paper contributes to this latter group by investigating the effects of internal coopetition on knowledge and innovation sharing and highlighting the fundamental role of knowledge brokers in managing the resulting tensions. Based on a qualitative case study of the video game publisher Ubisoft, we stress how the tensions raised by internal coopetitive settings limit knowledge sharing between units, and we analyze the mechanisms through which the knowledge broker helps to overcome these limits. We identify three main functions of this knowledge broker that allow the promotion of knowledge and innovation transfer to occur between coopeting units: (1) protecting the unit’s competitive advantage by introducing a lagging principle in the transfer process, (2) reducing sharing costs by standardizing innovative solutions, and (3) enhancing awareness of and trust in innovative solutions by centralizing knowledge diffusion.  相似文献   

晋升机会缺失对知识型员工角色内绩效的影响:内部人身份感知与知识共享氛围的作用     

周霞  赵冰璐 《科技管理研究》2019,39(6)

本研究通过问卷调查的方法,对来自广州、深圳、北京、上海等多地的知识密集型企业的161个有效样本进行分析,证实了晋升机会缺失会对知识型员工的角色内绩效产生负面影响,即当组织缺乏晋升机会时,组织内的员工会降低其在扮演工作角色过程中的产出；其次,员工的内部人身份感知中介了晋升机会缺失对其角色内绩效的影响,晋升机会缺失对员工的“组织圈内人”身份形成不利,继而影响其工作产出；最后,组织中知识共享氛围水平越高,晋升机会缺失对员工内部人身份感知的负向影响越低,对晋升机会缺失及角色内绩效相关领域均具有了理论与实践贡献。  相似文献   

Knowledge integration in the shadow of tacit spillovers: Empirical evidence from U.S. R&D labs     

Roberto Venturini  Marco Ceccagnoli  Nicolas van Zeebroeck 《Research Policy》2019,48(1):180-205

Integrating knowledge across a firm's value chain (e.g. between R&D, marketing and manufacturing functions), which we denote “Knowledge Integration” (KI), has been consistently found to be a strong predictor of product innovation performance in the management literature. Such cross-functional integration does not occur by chance, but by design, as a result of managerial practices and organizational arrangements. The significant heterogeneity characterizing the diffusion of cross-functional integration across firms is suggestive of the well-known tension between internal and external diffusion of knowledge. In this paper, we argue that the hidden cost of KI is to expose firms to a higher risk of knowledge leakages and provide the first systematic empirical evidence of this apparent tension between internal and external knowledge flows. Based on data from the CMU Survey (one of the rare datasets offering observables on both sides of the tension for a representative set of R&D active firms in the US), we investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers to competitors on internal cross-functional knowledge integration involving the R&D function among manufacturing firms. We find that the intensity of (tacit) R&D knowledge spillovers at the industry-level has a negative and significant impact on the likelihood that firms adopt or achieve KI. Our results therefore suggest that firms may trade their optimal innovative performance against superior appropriability of their rents.  相似文献   

Applying artificial intelligence technique to predict knowledge hiding behavior     

《International Journal of Information Management》2019

Drawing on psychological ownership and social exchange theories, this study suggests theoretical arguments and empirical evidence for understanding employee reactions to distributive, procedural, and interactional (in)justice — three crucial bases of employees’ feelings of social self-worth. Utilizing field data and artificial intelligence technique, this paper reveals that distributive, procedural, and interactional (in)justice contribute to higher levels of knowledge hiding behavior among employees and that this impact is non-linear (asymmetric). By reuniting the discourses of organizational justice and knowledge management, this study indicates that feelings of psychological ownership of knowledge and the degree of social interaction are mechanisms that work with organizational (in)justice to influence knowledge hiding behavior. The current research may inform contemporary theories of business research and provide normative guidance for managers.  相似文献   

Cognitive-inspired domain adaptation of sentiment lexicons     

Frank Z. Xing  Filippo Pallucchini  Erik Cambria 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):554-564

Sentiment lexicons are essential tools for polarity classification and opinion mining. In contrast to machine learning methods that only leverage text features or raw text for sentiment analysis, methods that use sentiment lexicons embrace higher interpretability. Although a number of domain-specific sentiment lexicons are made available, it is impractical to build an ex ante lexicon that fully reflects the characteristics of the language usage in endless domains. In this article, we propose a novel approach to simultaneously train a vanilla sentiment classifier and adapt word polarities to the target domain. Specifically, we sequentially track the wrongly predicted sentences and use them as the supervision instead of addressing the gold standard as a whole to emulate the life-long cognitive process of lexicon learning. An exploration-exploitation mechanism is designed to trade off between searching for new sentiment words and updating the polarity score of one word. Experimental results on several popular datasets show that our approach significantly improves the sentiment classification performance for a variety of domains by means of improving the quality of sentiment lexicons. Case-studies also illustrate how polarity scores of the same words are discovered for different domains.  相似文献