Debiaser for Multiple Variables to enhance fairness in classification tasks     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103226

Nowadays assuring that search and recommendation systems are fair and do not apply discrimination among any kind of population has become of paramount importance. This is also highlighted by some of the sustainable development goals proposed by the United Nations. Those systems typically rely on machine learning algorithms that solve the classification task. Although the problem of fairness has been widely addressed in binary classification, unfortunately, the fairness of multi-class classification problem needs to be further investigated lacking well-established solutions. For the aforementioned reasons, in this paper, we present the Debiaser for Multiple Variables (DEMV), an approach able to mitigate unbalanced groups bias (i.e., bias caused by an unequal distribution of instances in the population) in both binary and multi-class classification problems with multiple sensitive variables. The proposed method is compared, under several conditions, with a set of well-established baselines using different categories of classifiers. At first we conduct a specific study to understand which is the best generation strategies and their impact on DEMV’s ability to improve fairness. Then, we evaluate our method on a heterogeneous set of datasets and we show how it overcomes the established algorithms of the literature in the multi-class classification setting and in the binary classification setting when more than two sensitive variables are involved. Finally, based on the conducted experiments, we discuss strengths and weaknesses of our method and of the other baselines.  相似文献   

Artificial intelligence implication on energy sustainability in Internet of Things: A survey     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103212

The massive number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the Internet is continuously increasing. The operations of these devices rely on consuming huge amounts of energy. Power limitation is a major issue hindering the operation of IoT applications and services. To improve operational visibility, Low-power devices which constitute IoT networks, drive the need for sustainable sources of energy to carry out their tasks for a prolonged period of time. Moreover, the means to ensure energy sustainability and QoS must consider the stochastic nature of the energy supplies and dynamic IoT environments. Artificial Intelligence (AI) enhanced protocols and algorithms are capable of predicting and forecasting demand as well as providing leverage at different stages of energy use to supply. AI will improve the efficiency of energy infrastructure and decrease waste in distributed energy systems, ensuring their long-term viability. In this paper, we conduct a survey to explore enhanced AI-based solutions to achieve energy sustainability in IoT applications. AI is relevant through the integration of various Machine Learning (ML) and Swarm Intelligence (SI) techniques in the design of existing protocols. ML mechanisms used in the literature include variously supervised and unsupervised learning methods as well as reinforcement learning (RL) solutions. The survey constitutes a complete guideline for readers who wish to get acquainted with recent development and research advances in AI-based energy sustainability in IoT Networks. The survey also explores the different open issues and challenges.  相似文献   

Directed collaboration patterns in funded teams: A perspective of knowledge flow     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103237

Collaborations in funded teams are essential for understanding funded research and funding policies, although of high interest, are still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate directed collaboration patterns from the perspective of the knowledge flow, which is measured based on the academic age. To this end, we proposed a project-based team identification approach, which gives particular attention to funded teams. The method is applicable to other funding systems. Based on identified scientific teams, we detected recurring and significant subgraph patterns, known as network motifs, and under-represented patterns, known as anti-motifs. We found commonly occurred motifs and anti-motifs are remarkably characterized by different structures matching certain functions in knowledge exchanges. Collaboration patterns represented by motifs favor hierarchical structures, supporting intensive interactions across academic generations. Anti-motifs are more likely to show chain-like structures, hindering potentially various knowledge activities, and are thus seldom found in real collaboration networks. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of funded collaborations and also the funding system. Meanwhile, our findings are helpful for researchers, the public and policymakers to gain knowledge on research(ers) evolution, particularly in terms of primordial collaboration patterns.  相似文献   

Exploring an intervention’s impact on everyday school activities     

Marianne Björn  Idor Svensson 《Support for Learning》2021,36(1):5-19

The focus of this paper is on a group of pupils with reading and writing difficulties who have been participating in an intervention study using assistive technology. That intervention study contained supervised training sessions with reading and writing tasks using an iPad with special supportive applications. The current study is a qualitative investigation of whether there has been any transfer from the intervention, to the pupils’ everyday school activities. Interviews with pupils and their teachers and observations during classroom lectures have been used to collect data. The results show that the pupils were positive to the assistive technology (the applications on the iPads), they found the apps easy to learn how to use and they appreciated the benefits they could give. Even so, only a few of the pupils had found use for and continued to use the tools after the intervention period finished. Possible reasons are that when the novelty wore off, students reverted to their usual study habits and that older students with many teachers and different classrooms were less able to adapt to using the apps. To improve transfer, it is suggested to introduce assistive technology earlier to students, in the younger grades, before study habits have been formed and to inform teachers about the use of AT in the classroom, including what is available and how it can benefit students.  相似文献   

Back to common sense: Oxford dictionary descriptive knowledge augmentation for aspect-based sentiment analysis     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(3):103260

  相似文献   

数据管理与数据治理的比较分析及其对制定科学数据开放共享政策的启示     

盛小平  宋大成 《图书情报工作》2020,64(22):4-10

[目的/意义] 比较分析数据管理与数据治理差异与联系，为制定科学数据开放共享政策提供参考。[方法/过程] 运用比较分析法，解析数据管理与数据治理在定义与内涵、功能、目标、原则、焦点领域5个方面的异同，由此解析其对制定我国科学数据开放共享政策的启示。[结果/结论] 数据管理与数据治理在定义与内涵、功能、目标、原则、焦点领域上都有显著差异，但两者也有内在联系。数据治理是成功实施数据管理的关键。认清两者的关系有助于明晰目前我国科学数据管理政策的不足之处，为今后完善科学数据管理办法提供参考，从而规划与制定实用的科学数据开放共享细则。  相似文献   

我国高校科研人员Altmetrics评价需求差异研究     

沈兰妮  韩毅 《图书情报工作》2020,64(23):40-52

[目的/意义] 随着Altmetrics研究日益深入，有效识别Altmetrics评价的利益相关方需求对评价指标设计及数据基础设施建设具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 以高校科研人员为对象，利用半结构访谈法识别我国高校科研人员的Altmetrics评价需求，采用问卷调查法获取数据并检验识别出高校科研人员Altmetrics评价需求的差异性。[结果/结论] 研究发现，我国高校科研人员主要有7类Altmetrics评价需求，分别是：研究评价，成果展示，需求发现，学术认可，交流传播，成果操作，学科发展；不同年龄组别高校科研人员在"研究评价"方面有差异，"51-60岁"年龄组较其他年龄组在"研究评价"方面的需求明显偏低；除"交流传播"外，人文学科的6个Altmetrics评价功能需求强度均低于社会学科和自然学科，自然科学与社会科学间的评价需求完全一致；除"研究评价"功能需求在教师与学生存在差异外，6个Altmetrics评价需求对所有不同身份类别高校科学人员没有差异；7类Altmetrics评价需求对高校科研人员具有较高的普遍适用性。  相似文献   

专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台的构建     

于倩倩  钱力  程冰  常志军  王慧丽  靳茜 《图书情报工作》2020,64(24):92-105

[目的/意义] 面对多学科领域、多类型用户的专题情报服务需求，建立专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台。实现专题情报分析的流程化和智能化，同时对融入专家智慧的专题情报分析过程数据进行管理，丰富服务模式，提升服务需求响应速度。[方法/过程] 在调研已有相关研究与实践分析基础上，提出平台设计思路、建设框架，对平台主要功能和关键技术进行剖析。[结果/结论] 专题情报数据管理与智能分析平台已建设完成。平台集成了多来源多类型数据，打通了从数据到分析的服务链条。嵌入了多种情报分析方法和深度学习算法，实现了多维多层次分析服务。能够对分析过程和情报分析人员历史积累数据进行管理，实现数据共享和重复利用。  相似文献   

《左传》的文本之争与文本流变     

郭彩萍  李金荣 《图书馆论坛》2020,(6):128-135

《左传》是我国首部以编年为次序、以鲁国十二公为传主,系统记述春秋战国时期历史,对中国文化产生了巨大影响的文史作品。文章在概述《左传》文化价值的基础上,梳理了两千多年来关于《左传》文本与作者的主要学术争论,甄别《左传》流变过程中的22个关键文本。  相似文献   

美国大学图书馆馆藏资源组织进展     

蔡颖  蔡迎春 《图书馆论坛》2020,(6):166-173

文章对美国大学图书馆在信息资源组织与利用方面的创新与实践进行梳理总结,以期为国内图书馆的资源建设提供借鉴。选取美国顶尖的11所大学图书馆作为考察对象,重点介绍它们在馆藏特色文献数据化、资源多样化收集与元数据整合、数字资源全生命周期管理方面的特色和进展。图书馆在资源服务方面所扮演的角色在不断演变,美国大学图书馆正借助先进的信息生产、存储和传递技术,向着实现信息资源共建、共知和共享的目标迈进。国内图书馆需要关注新兴技术,加强特藏资源开发,促进纸质与数字资源融合,优化数字资源业务流程。  相似文献