学分银行理念下开放教育综合实践教学改革初探     

谢妙忻  吴晓辉 《继续教育研究》2021,(1):33-36

随着信息技术日新月异、行业形态不断改变、新业态源源不断出现,社会对人才培养也随之提出更高的要求。在开放教育中,综合实践教学虽然处在战略性地位,但是在学习者专业技能培养中,往往只偏重于理论教育,实践技能教育存在流于形式、学习内容陈旧、实践资源缺失等问题,导致人才培养与实际岗位需求脱节。为了适应开放教育的发展趋势,结合当前开放教育综合实践教学中存在的实施不足、教学方式单一和实践基地弱化等问题,提出开放教育综合实践教学模式应以“学分银行”理念为基础,对综合实践教学进行行之有效的改革,以提升其教学质量和有效性。  相似文献   

ICT access: Testing for convergence across countries     

Vinish Kathuria  Keun Yeob Oh 《The Information Society》2018,34(3):166-182

Our objectives for this article are twofold: first, to examine the convergence of nations with regard to ICT access; and second, to see whether countries in the same continental region (South and East Asia, West and Middle East Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania) or having same initial ICT access have coalesced into groups. We constructed an ICT access index using three indicators (mobile phone, Internet, and broadband use per 100 population) for a sample of 198 nations for the 16-year period from 2000 to 2015. Results show that digital divide has declined in relative terms, but not in absolute terms. The countries, starting at lower ICT levels, are not adopting ICT faster than the leaders. Continental region-wise analysis also shows that the catch-up is maximum for already developed countries, and minimum for countries in African and Oceania continental regions.  相似文献   

我国学术期刊开放获取政策现状及制定策略研究     

丁献峰  张新鹤  吴菁 《中国科技期刊研究》2018,29(11):1078-1084

【目的】 为我国学术期刊开放获取(Open Access，OA)政策的制定提供建议。【方法】 使用网络调查法和案例分析法，调研国内外学术期刊OA政策现状，分析国内政策的不足及国外政策的经验。【结果】 国内学术期刊OA政策存在政策不健全、政策分散、政策简单等问题；国外学术期刊在版权许可、质量控制、费用、自存储等方面已构建较完备的OA政策体系。【结论】 从建立合作参与的政策模式、完善的政策体系和评估与修订机制三个方面为制定我国学术期刊OA政策提出建议。  相似文献   

Social capital and the digital crowd: Involving backers to promote new product innovativeness     

《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103744

Involving customers is often considered a method to develop products in line with market needs. However, we still need to obtain more insights into the respective drivers and outcomes in the context of (a) the involvement of customers by entrepreneurial ventures and (b) business-to-consumer (B2C) relationships. This study suggests that reward-based crowdfunding can provide a digital opportunity for both areas. We explore how community-derived social capital influences ventures’ approach to engaging backers in new product development and how this, in turn, advances product innovativeness. Using structural equation modeling, we test a unique dataset that combines primary survey and secondary platform data from 710 crowdfunding ventures. Our results provide a nuanced picture of how social capital dimensions are associated with backers as an information source and as co-developers and, indirectly, with new product innovativeness. This study underscores that crowdfunding serves as a digital platform for market-oriented innovation. It contributes empirical insights into how nascent teams can engage the digital crowd in product development via crowdfunding. We also add to social capital literature by illuminating web-mediated mechanisms that transform knowledge into tangible innovation outcomes.  相似文献   

Selecting an open innovation community as an alliance partner: Looking for healthy communities and ecosystems     

《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103766

Organizations build strategic alliances with other firms with the intent of tapping into partners’ resources and capturing long-term value from these relationships. Such partnerships are typically governed by contractual or equity arrangements with clear mutual obligations. More recently, however, organizations have begun to seek strategic partnerships with open innovation communities, which are novel digitally enabled forms of organizing, and where contractual commitments are not possible. Thus, selecting the right open innovation community as an alliance partner becomes a more complex decision. We follow how the organizational decision makers, in two technology firms that were pioneers of forming strategic alliances with open innovation communities, developed metrics around making such decisions. We build upon Shah and Swaminathan’s (2008) contingency model of alliance partner selection and consider how it applies to the case of partnering with open innovation communities. This framework was useful in to frame our findings, yet our work recognizes and builds upon two key differences: 1) the evaluation metrics used in selecting an open innovation community were more focused on value creation than value capture; and 2) open ecosystem considerations, and not just partner-specific metrics, featured prominently in this type of alliance partner evaluation. We develop the notions of community and ecosystem health to refer to these new metrics.  相似文献   

国内核心医学期刊网站建设现状及改进建议     

吴涛  袁天峰  崔悦  刘佳倩  黄良田 《中国科技期刊研究》2018,29(12):1247-1251

【目的】 分析我国医学期刊网站建设现状，并提出改进建议。【方法】 通过维普网的期刊导航，选取2016年影响因子≥1的核心医学期刊202种，再通过搜索引擎对所有期刊名称进行搜索，其中有173种期刊拥有门户网站。对这173种期刊的网站建设情况进行了调研与统计分析。【结果】 在线投审稿系统普及率高达94.2%；75.7%的期刊实现论文全文上网，其中76.3%的期刊采用不同方式来实现论文全文开放获取。样本期刊的网站在论坛(4.6%)、微信/微博(44.5%)、专题/热点文章(30.6%)、E-mail Alert(37.0%)、RSS(30.1%)、继续教育(9.2%)、音频/视频/动画(31.2%)、英文版页面(22.5%)等栏目建设方面均存在不足。【结论】 我国医学期刊还需加强网站建设，尤其需要加强论文开放获取策略的探索、网络社区化互动平台的搭建、内容资源的增值开发、新媒体及多媒体技术融合、与国际化接轨。  相似文献   

Self-training on refined clause patterns for relation extraction     

Duc-Thuan Vo  Ebrahim Bagheri 《Information processing & management》2018,54(4):686-706

Within the context of Information Extraction (IE), relation extraction is oriented towards identifying a variety of relation phrases and their arguments in arbitrary sentences. In this paper, we present a clause-based framework for information extraction in textual documents. Our framework focuses on two important challenges in information extraction: 1) Open Information Extraction and (OIE), and 2) Relation Extraction (RE). In the plethora of research that focus on the use of syntactic and dependency parsing for the purposes of detecting relations, there has been increasing evidence of incoherent and uninformative extractions. The extracted relations may even be erroneous at times and fail to provide a meaningful interpretation. In our work, we use the English clause structure and clause types in an effort to generate propositions that can be deemed as extractable relations. Moreover, we propose refinements to the grammatical structure of syntactic and dependency parsing that help reduce the number of incoherent and uninformative extractions from clauses. In our experiments both in the open information extraction and relation extraction domains, we carefully evaluate our system on various benchmark datasets and compare the performance of our work against existing state-of-the-art information extraction systems. Our work shows improved performance compared to the state-of-the-art techniques.  相似文献   

Challenging discourses of aspiration: The role of expectations and attainment in access to higher education          下载免费PDF全文

Neil Harrison  Richard Waller 《British Educational Research Journal》2018,44(5):914-938

Raising the proportion of young people from disadvantaged backgrounds progressing to higher education has been a key policy objective for successive governments in the UK since the late 1990s. Often this has been conceptualised as a problem with their ‘aspirations’, with the solution being seen as the provision of ‘aspiration‐raising’ activities to promote higher education to those thought to have the potential to progress. Recent large‐scale studies cast strong doubt on this hypothesis by demonstrating that aspirations are not generally low, that different social groups have similar levels of aspiration and that school attainment accounts for nearly all the differences in participation rates between social groups. This article draws on data from a national project exploring efforts to widen participation across two generations of practitioner‐managers in England, focusing on their conceptualisations of the field and their constructions of ‘successful’ activities. It uses the lens of ‘possible selves’ (Markus & Nurius, 1986 ) to argue that too much policy emphasis has been placed on the aspirations of young people, rather than either their academic attainment or their expectations, which are shaped by the normative expectations of the adults surrounding them. In addition, the more expansive concepts of widening participation that were present a decade ago have become less common, with a shift towards activities with a clear role in institutional recruitment rather than social transformation. The article concludes with alternative suggestions for policy and practice.  相似文献   

Analyzing Food Science Research for Publishing Characteristics as a Model for Understanding the Needs of Researchers     

Lutishoor Salisbury  Jeremy J. Smith  Abayomi Omotola Omolewu 《资料收集管理》2020,45(4):335-353

Abstract

This paper provides a methodology to study the characteristics of the research output from a university department. The faculty publications and their cited references over a 10-year period were used as the basis for this study to identify their publishing patterns and the types of material they are publishing; a core set of journals and other resources they are publishing in and citing over this period; the characteristics of the journals in which they publish and cite; the degree of openness of their publications and their citation advantage; and the age of resources that are referenced.  相似文献   

The Impact of More,Better, Faster,Cheaper: How the PCC Influenced Everything That Followed     

Carol G. Hixson 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2020,58(3-4):294-302

Abstract

The beginnings and the early years of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) had a profound impact on the approach taken to cataloging in North America and around the world. The commitment to standards, cooperation, and expanded access also had an impact that went far beyond cataloging operations. One library dean traces the evolution of her vision and contemplates how the PCC’s principles have shaped her entire career and have affected the libraries in which she has worked.  相似文献