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1.
Feedback can play a vital role in fostering teacher self-efficacy. Social comparisons and feedback valence (positive vs. negative feedback) are assumed to have a large impact on self-efficacy. Therefore, how pre-service teachers perceive social comparisons and feedback valence in peer feedback and the extent to which pre-service teachers (bachelor/master students) and teacher trainers incorporate comments that can have an impact on self-efficacy into their peer feedback merit investigation. Two studies were conducted. The first showed that peer feedback consisting of a social comparison and with positive feedback valence resulted in greater willingness to improve and positive affect. The second study revealed that teacher trainers’ feedback was more specific, whereas bachelor students’ feedback contained more social comparisons than did master students’ and teacher trainers’. Future research and practical implications are discussed.  相似文献   
2.
Although Affirmative Action policies have been enforced in many countries, their consequences are highly understudied, especially in the context of developing economies. Section 12(1)(c) of the Right to Education (RTE) Act enforced in 2009 is the first attempt to introduce affirmative action in primary schools in India. The act requires all private schools to reserve at least twenty five percent seats for children from economically weaker sections. To understand the effect of the act on i) social integration and ii) academic outcomes, we asked 1500 children (grades one to three) from four schools to answer friendship surveys and short tests in Mathematics and English. The schools in our sample vary considerably in constitution and were intentionally chosen to understand the impact of the act in different school settings. The friendship surveys show strong homophily i.e. non-RTE students cite other non-RTE students as friends, while RTE students chose to be friends primarily with other RTE students. Trends in test scores reveal that students admitted under the RTE quota score significantly lower than non-RTE students. However, RTE students who have a higher share of non-RTE friends have better test scores, suggesting that affirmative action may have a positive influence on learning outcomes for RTE children. Further we note that commitment from the school authorities and systematic monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the act will go a long way in bringing out some of the benefits that this act was designed to achieve. Our findings have important policy implications with respect to ensuring proper implementation of the Section12(1)(c) of the RTE act in schools across the country.  相似文献   
3.
This study explored the integration of technical vocabulary into pre-observation conferences and its influence on English teachers’ professional learning and discussion in their post-observation conferences. The conceptual framework based on Harvey [2011. “A Sociocultural-Theory-Based Study of the Impact of Mediation During Post-observation Conferences on Language Teacher Learning.” Unpublished doctoral diss., University of South Florida] and Goe, Biggers, and Croft [2012. Linking Teacher Evaluation to Professional Development: Focusing on Improving Teaching and Learning. Denver, CO: National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality] was used to analyse the questionnaire, audio recordings, and documents collected in seven peer observations of teaching in Taiwan. This study has two major findings. First, English teachers regarded the technical vocabulary as stimuli for their professional learning; however, the range of technical vocabulary used during the post-observation conferences was limited. Second, three major factors affected their use of technical vocabulary. A new model was proposed in order to effectively integrate technical vocabulary into peer observations of teaching for elementary school English teachers’ professional learning.  相似文献   
4.
This study examined whether teacher–student relationships protect against peer victimization and its negative psychosocial effects (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). Additionally, the influence of teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, and students’ perceptions of school order and discipline was investigated as these variables were expected to be negatively related to the former. Data were collected from high school‐aged adolescents (N = 539; 51% female) in the U.S. Southwest. Study results indicate that teacher–student relationships buffered against experiencing psychosocial distress associated with peer victimization. Although positive teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, and students’ perceptions of school order and discipline all were negatively associated with peer victimization and psychosocial distress, teacher–student relationships were robustly related to peer victimization and psychosocial distress over the influence of the previous variables. In other words, as a key study finding, teacher–student relationships may reduce the impact of peer victimization by mitigating its negative psychosocial effects in a robust yet relatively unexplored way. Therefore, although more research is needed, fostering positive teacher–student relationships might be an effective way to reduce peer victimization as well as its negative effects.  相似文献   
5.
为探索企业协同创新的新理论模型,为企业协同创新活动和做好知识互动提供理论依据和指导,建立协同创新过程中知识互动的影响因素模型。通过文献阅读法整理前人关于协同创新理论的研究,并总结和评述,探索性提出协同创新的一种新的理论框架,将协同创新进行三阶段划分,协同创新过程中知识互动的效果直接影响创新绩效,进一步探究协同创新中知识互动的要素,梳理和评述每一种知识互动影响因素的研究观点,并建立协同创新不同阶段的影响因素模型,这为下一步影响因素的权重的实证研究做好铺垫。  相似文献   
6.
【目的】 为期刊编辑及时、准确地处理Meta分析类稿件提供参考依据,以期提高期刊编辑的工作效率和期刊来稿质量。【方法】 调查2011年11月1日—2017年11月1日《中国卫生统计杂志》在线投稿系统中Meta分析类稿件,深入分析119篇样本稿件的审理过程,归纳退稿原因并总结审稿策略。【结果】 119篇稿件中,仅33篇稿件已发表,20篇稿件仍在审理过程中,66篇稿件被退稿。退稿原因包括选题创新性差、文献检索不当、文献纳入与排除标准不严谨、流程图不规范、异质性分析不当、发表偏倚分析不当、讨论欠佳等。【结论】 编辑审读Meta分析类稿件时,应加强主题选取和相关文献的搜集、纳入文献的筛选方法及质量评价、数据的统计学处理和结果解释4个方面的审查,减少不合格文献的数量。  相似文献   
7.
【目的】 以SSCI的学科分类为单位,分析不同学科期刊的Article和Review参考文献量的差异,以利于相关人员了解及借鉴,同时为进一步从文后参考文献的角度更深入了解现行期刊评价指标的优缺点提供数据支持。【方法】 分学科下载2015年SSCI收录期刊的主要文献计量学指标,同时记录各刊在学科内的分区及各刊Article和Review的平均参考文献量,Spearman等级秩相关性分析用于分析各学科Article和Review的参考文献量与学科各评价指标的相关性。【结果】 2015年SSCI共收录了57个学科的4468种期刊,Article和Review的参考文献量与学科规模的大小均不相关(均为P>0.05);学科内Article和Review的参考文献量由多到少排序,依次为Q1区(60.27条、86.85条)、Q2区(52.21条、83.80条)、Q3区(48.16条、74.61条)、Q4区(45.70条、62.90条),且差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,Article参考文献量仅与学科中位被引半衰期和学科中位引用半衰期存在相关性;Review参考文献量除与学科中位被引半衰期不存在相关性外,与其他主要期刊评价指标均有相关性(均为P<0.05)。【结论】 按SSCI学科分组,Article和Review参考文献量与学科影响力的关系并不一致,二者与学科规模均不相关;同一学科影响力较大期刊的Article和Review参考文献量相对较多。  相似文献   
8.
While the importance of a supportive context for entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged, its antecedents are rarely investigated. We apply the concept of organizational climate to higher education institutions and examine the drivers of students’ perceptions of the entrepreneurial climate in their university. Combining data from two unique datasets and using multilevel techniques, we analyze the relationship between university characteristics and such climate perceptions of 8009 students at public universities in Germany. We find university entrepreneurship measures to have a positive effect on students’ climate perceptions, which also depend on students’ background and gender. In addition, we find evidence for different peer effects, depending on students’ affinity for entrepreneurship. For the general student population, including entrepreneurship content in their normal studies seems to be required to initiate a social process of sensemaking. However, students’ perception of the entrepreneurial climate only depend to a certain degree on intentional entrepreneurship measures. In our study, general university characteristics have the strongest influence on climate perceptions. Overall, our study adds to our understanding of which parameters are important for establishing a more favorable and inspiring climate for becoming an entrepreneur at higher education institutions.  相似文献   
9.
In the present study, witnessing in-home violence and peer relationship quality are evaluated as to their relative impact on Post Traumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms among children aged 8 to 17 investigated by child protective services (CPS) for maltreatment exposure. The sample included 2151 children from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II (NSCAW II). Linear growth models were estimated to assess associations between changes in PTS symptoms, witnessing in-home violence, and peer relationship quality over time. Greater frequency of witnessing in-home violence at baseline (i.e. wave 1) was associated with higher baseline PTS symptoms (β = 0.44). Increases in witnessing in-home violence frequency over time (average annual change across three years) had a strong association with increases in PTS symptoms over time (β = 0.88). Baseline peer relationship quality was associated with fewer PTS symptoms at baseline (β = −0.45). Increases in peer relationship quality over time were strongly associated with declines in PTS symptoms over time (β = −0.68). Peer relationship quality at baseline did not moderate baseline or over time associations between witnessing in-home violence and PTS symptoms. The average decline in PTS symptoms due to decreases in witnessing in-home violence and increases in peer relationship quality was 0.51 and 0.65 standard deviations respectively, over the three-year study period. Reducing chronic witnessing in-home violence and promoting the development of healthy social relationships with peers are critical for PTS symptom recovery.  相似文献   
10.
Observing peers for professional development is a familiar and valuable practice but not always favoured in many educational institutions. This small-scale action research (AR) was conducted in an institution where teachers are accustomed to regular peer observation, requiring each teacher to conduct peer observation and to reflect in their teachers’ portfolios. Conventionally, to fulfil the requirement each teacher finds a colleague to observe them either with or mostly without a certain focus. This study, however, employed action research methodology to inquire into a collegial peer observation model to improve this organisational practice. It aimed to promote mutual growth of the participating faculty members in an agreed area. Including the author, five faculty members, who are midcareer and experienced English language teachers, acted as members of the consultation group. In the AR project, appreciative inquiry was used when reflecting on the observed classes and during focus group interviews. As a result of this AR, at least two levels of knowledge were generated: first-person (author) and second-person (the team). The knowledge claim that this practitioner research constructed is ‘When small groups of teachers conduct peer observations focusing on a common concern, learning and collegial growth may increase.’ It is expected to lead to a third-person stage in the department and the academic community in general.  相似文献   
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