Directed collaboration patterns in funded teams: A perspective of knowledge flow     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103237

Collaborations in funded teams are essential for understanding funded research and funding policies, although of high interest, are still not fully understood. This study aims to investigate directed collaboration patterns from the perspective of the knowledge flow, which is measured based on the academic age. To this end, we proposed a project-based team identification approach, which gives particular attention to funded teams. The method is applicable to other funding systems. Based on identified scientific teams, we detected recurring and significant subgraph patterns, known as network motifs, and under-represented patterns, known as anti-motifs. We found commonly occurred motifs and anti-motifs are remarkably characterized by different structures matching certain functions in knowledge exchanges. Collaboration patterns represented by motifs favor hierarchical structures, supporting intensive interactions across academic generations. Anti-motifs are more likely to show chain-like structures, hindering potentially various knowledge activities, and are thus seldom found in real collaboration networks. These findings provide new insights into the understanding of funded collaborations and also the funding system. Meanwhile, our findings are helpful for researchers, the public and policymakers to gain knowledge on research(ers) evolution, particularly in terms of primordial collaboration patterns.  相似文献   

国际科研众筹项目的特征描述、主题分析及属性对比:基于Experiment平台的发现     

刘周颖  赵宇翔  巴志超  吴聪  朱庆华 《图书情报知识》2020,(3):71-82

[目的/意义]为了深入了解科研众筹平台中的项目情况,本文对科研众筹项目的基本特征、研究主题和不同类型科研众筹项目的属性对比进行研究。[研究设计/方法]首先对科研众筹的起源、价值和运作模式进行了梳理;随后爬取了科研众筹平台Experiment的项目信息,并对该平台中科研项目的发起者、背书者、项目记录、所属学科、资助情况等进行特征描述;基于LDA模型对科研众筹项目主题进一步细化,并对不同资金筹集和不同主题分类情况下的科研众筹项目的属性差异进行比较分析。[结论/发现]科研众筹主题主要集中在生物学和生态学两个领域,不同资金筹集达成情况的科研众筹项目在项目背书者数量、信息记录次数和讨论次数上具有显著差异;不同主题的科研众筹项目在其讨论次数上具有显著差异。同时,是否提供视频和是否参与资助挑战在不同资金筹集达成情况和不同主题的科研众筹项目上均具有显著差异。[创新/价值]深入分析了科研众筹平台中项目主题及属性对比情况,对科研众筹平台优化信息审核机制、社交机制和信息展示机制具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

用户动机视角下的Altmetrics指标研究     

刘晓娟  王晨琳 《图书情报知识》2020,(3):63-70,96

[目的/意义]从用户动机视角对Altmetrics指标的本质和价值进行分析,使Altmetrics的应用更为科学合理。[研究设计/方法]首先对相关文献中的动机进行组织提炼与规范化表述。在此基础上引入用户行为理论解释和分析用户动机体现的指标价值。再选取Twitter提及量指标,使用内容分析法进行案例研究。[结论/发现]提炼出19种用户动机,其中有6种动机会降低指标应用价值。[创新/价值]探索Altmetrics数据的产生机制,在一定程度上回答了Altmetrics指标可用性问题。  相似文献   

Location extraction from tweets     

Thi Bich Ngoc Hoang  Josiane Mothe 《Information processing & management》2018,54(2):129-144

Five hundred million tweets are posted daily, making Twitter a major social media platform from which topical information on events can be extracted. These events are represented by three main dimensions: time, location and entity-related information. The focus of this paper is location, which is an essential dimension for geo-spatial applications, either when helping rescue operations during a disaster or when used for contextual recommendations. While the first type of application needs high recall, the second is more precision-oriented. This paper studies the recall/precision trade-off, combining different methods to extract locations. In the context of short posts, applying tools that have been developed for natural language is not sufficient given the nature of tweets which are generally too short to be linguistically correct. Also bearing in mind the high number of posts that need to be handled, we hypothesize that predicting whether a post contains a location or not could make the location extractors more focused and thus more effective. We introduce a model to predict whether a tweet contains a location or not and show that location prediction is a useful pre-processing step for location extraction. We define a number of new tweet features and we conduct an intensive evaluation. Our findings are that (1) combining existing location extraction tools is effective for precision-oriented or recall-oriented results, (2) enriching tweet representation is effective for predicting whether a tweet contains a location or not, (3) words appearing in a geography gazetteer and the occurrence of a preposition just before a proper noun are the two most important features for predicting the occurrence of a location in tweets, and (4) the accuracy of location extraction improves when it is possible to predict that there is a location in a tweet.  相似文献   

理工院校科技创新人才培养模式的思考     

刘双兵  朱仁义 《巢湖学院学报》2011,13(3):149-151

高校是科技进步和人才培养的结合点,创新人才的培养已成为我国高校的一项基本职能。本文借鉴各理工院校在培养大学生科技创新人才方面积累的成功经验,尝试利用学校资源,积极探索大学生科技创新人才培养模式的新思路,构建全程式大学生科研训练体系。  相似文献   

Bridging In-school and Out-of-school Learning: Formal, Non-Formal, and Informal Education   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Haim Eshach 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2007,16(2):171-190

The present paper thoroughly examines how one can effectively bridge in-school and out-of-school learning. The first part discusses the difficulty in defining out-of-school learning. It proposes to distinguish three types of learning: formal, informal, and non-formal. The second part raises the question of whether out-of-school learning should be dealt with in the in-school system, in view of the fact that we experience informal learning anyway as well as considering the disadvantages and difficulties teachers are confronted with when planning and carrying out scientific fieldtrips. The voices of the teachers, the students, and the non-formal institution staff are heard to provide insights into the problem. The third part discusses the cognitive and affective aspects of non-formal learning. The fourth part presents some models explaining scientific fieldtrip learning and based on those models, suggests a novel explanation. The fifth part offers some recommendations of how to bridge in and out-of-school learning. The paper closes with some practical ideas as to how one can bring the theory described in the paper into practice. It is hoped that this paper will provide educators with an insight so that they will be able to fully exploit the great potential that scientific field trips may offer. This paper appears as a chapter in: Eshach, H. (2006). Science Literacy in Primary Schools and Pre-Schools, Netherlands: Springer.  相似文献   

对目前高校基础研究工作的几点思考     

郑晓燕 《德州学院学报》2001,17(2):102-105

本文通过对我国目前高校基础研究工作现状及存在问题的深入分析，提出了对加强高校基础研究工作的几点建议。  相似文献   

俄罗斯科技英才选拔模式研究:形成、实践与特色——以莫斯科大学专业教学科研中心为例     

杨岚 《中国特殊教育》2021,(2)

英才是创新人才中最具创新能力的群体。科学有效的英才选拔是实施英才教育与提升我国自主创新能力的前提。尽管我国在创新人才选拔方面已有长期探索,但这一群体的选拔和培养仍有待完善。俄罗斯是世界上建立英才教育体系的先驱之一,其顶尖高校对创新人才的选拔以附属于高校的专业教学科研中心为基础。专业教学科研中心在半个多世纪的英才选拔实践中形成了诸多特色做法:与顶尖大学和国家科学院协调联动,重视考察和培养学生志趣,强调扎实的基础知识与创新能力,建立完善的管理与运行机制。  相似文献   

基于Web的科学交流模式     

李国红 《情报科学》2004,22(7):804-806,811

本文分析了基于Web的科学交流系统的基本组成和基于Web的科学交流的基本过程，讨论了网络交流作为科学交流模式的必要前提及网络交流对传统交流角色的冲击，认为整个科学交流体系正在经历着一场深刻的社会变革，而实现网上科学交流的社会化和普遍化需要全社会做出不懈的努力．  相似文献   

中国-中东欧国家科技创新能力及科技合作研究     

忻红  李振奇 《科技管理研究》2021,41(9):27-35

运用创新综合指数和全球创新指数分析研究中国与中东欧国家科技创新能力,利用大量数据分析中国-中东欧各国科技投入与产出状况.通过比较探寻中国-中东欧国家科技发展的水平,为科技合作的开展提供依据,并提出加强中国-中东欧国家科技合作的具体建议,为进一步推动区域科技合作,实现"一带一路"共同发展目标提供理论指导.  相似文献