Proclaiming Library Worth in a Program Prioritization Process at a Mid-Sized Public University     

Michelle J. Oh  Robin J. Harris  Lisa C. Wallis 《图书馆管理杂志》2020,60(3):250-262

Abstract

In an economic climate when colleges can no longer presume that legislators see institutions of higher learning as tacit public goods, institutions around the country are facing budget cuts. This article presents a case study of the experience of a mid-sized public state university and its Library in a budget crisis undergoing a university-wide program prioritization process. The authors review the process of writing three reports on the Library’s value, along with the approach to engaging staff in the process including a retreat. This article raises questions about what every library should consider assessing and provide tools for libraries navigating similar terrain.  相似文献   

Profile and Motivations of Registered Whole-Body Donors in Turkey: Istanbul University Experience     

İlke Ali Gürses  Ahmet Ertaş  Başak Gürtekin  Osman Coşkun  Mehmet Üzel  Özcan Gayretli  Mehmet Selman Demirci 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(4):370-385

Little is known regarding the profiles of whole body donors in Muslim majority countries where donation is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to profile registered donors in Turkey by means of a survey. The explored data could be used to improve ongoing campaign efforts and ethical practices such as commemoration services. Registered donors of the donation programs at the two faculties of medicine of Istanbul University were compared with the national population and a cluster analysis was performed to reveal any concealed sub-groups. Data from 188 respondents were analyzed. The majority of registered donors were married (42%), male (65.4%), aged over 50 years (76%), held a tertiary education degree (49.7%), and were irreligious (58.5%). Cluster analysis revealed two groups with significantly different educational levels, marital statuses, and religious choices. Regarding whether their bodies could be used for education or research, the majority (64.5%) of the respondents left the decision to the anatomy department. Similarly, 73.8% approved indefinite use of their organs, body parts and/or skeletons. The respondents were also willing to share their medical history (94.2%) and personal information (81.6%) if needed. Motivational themes for body donation including usefulness, impermanence, religion, awareness, and kinship were devised after a thematic analysis. Among the respondents, 56.5% were registered organ donors and 63.3% were frequent blood donors. The results of this study provide data that may help revising informed consent forms, developing and implementing thanksgiving ceremonies, and selecting additional targets for supporting body donation campaign activities such as organ and blood donation units.  相似文献   

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource     

Thomas H. Champney 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(4):432-434

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.  相似文献   

欧洲阅读联盟(EURead)推广阅读活动与启示     

吴汉华  倪弘 《图书情报工作》2019,63(13):114-121

[目的/意义]欧洲阅读联盟是欧洲社会力量开展阅读活动的母平台，联盟成员所开展的阅读活动既有差异，也有共性，社会影响力大。通过对欧洲阅读联盟成员所办阅读活动及其规律的分析，可为我国公共图书馆主导与开展阅读活动提供借鉴。[方法/过程]概述欧洲阅读联盟，对其成员类型进行解析，并对每一成员的阅读项目进行共性分析，凝练出阅读活动的经验及规律。[结果/结论]我国应建立多级阅读推广力量，建立政府购买阅读服务长效机制，开放图书馆的阅读活动空间，提升阅读活动频率，开发多样化、差异化的阅读活动。  相似文献   

Idea generation in biomedical engineering courses using Design Heuristics     

Jin Woo Lee  Anastasia Ostrowski  Aileen Huang-Saad  Colleen M. Seifert 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2019,44(3):360-378

ABSTRACT

With increasing demand for improved medical equipment and healthcare, next-generation biomedical engineers need strong design skills. Equipping biomedical engineering students with tools for idea generation and development can increase student design success. Design Heuristics are an ideation tool developed through empirical studies of product designs. While identified in the mechanical engineering space, Design Heuristics may be applicable in biomedical engineering design. In our study, we implemented a Design Heuristics session during upper-level undergraduate and first-year graduate biomedical engineering design courses. We examined the applicability of Design Heuristics within individual and team concept generation contexts. The findings demonstrated that biomedical engineering students were able to use Design Heuristics to generate multiple concepts, and that initial concepts produced using Design Heuristics were carried over into final team design. The results support the applicability of Design Heuristics to student idea generation in biomedical engineering design.  相似文献   

Word sense disambiguation based on context selection using knowledge-based word similarity     

Sunjae Kwon  Dongsuk Oh  Youngjoong Ko 《Information processing & management》2021,58(4):102551

In this paper, we introduce a novel knowledge-based word-sense disambiguation (WSD) system. In particular, the main goal of our research is to find an effective way to filter out unnecessary information by using word similarity. For this, we adopt two methods in our WSD system. First, we propose a novel encoding method for word vector representation by considering the graphical semantic relationships from the lexical knowledge bases, and the word vector representation is utilized to determine the word similarity in our WSD system. Second, we present an effective method for extracting the contextual words from a text for analyzing an ambiguous word based on word similarity. The results demonstrate that the suggested methods significantly enhance the baseline WSD performance in all corpora. In particular, the performance on nouns is similar to those of the state-of-the-art knowledge-based WSD models, and the performance on verbs surpasses that of the existing knowledge-based WSD models.  相似文献   

Cognitive-inspired domain adaptation of sentiment lexicons     

Frank Z. Xing  Filippo Pallucchini  Erik Cambria 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):554-564

Sentiment lexicons are essential tools for polarity classification and opinion mining. In contrast to machine learning methods that only leverage text features or raw text for sentiment analysis, methods that use sentiment lexicons embrace higher interpretability. Although a number of domain-specific sentiment lexicons are made available, it is impractical to build an ex ante lexicon that fully reflects the characteristics of the language usage in endless domains. In this article, we propose a novel approach to simultaneously train a vanilla sentiment classifier and adapt word polarities to the target domain. Specifically, we sequentially track the wrongly predicted sentences and use them as the supervision instead of addressing the gold standard as a whole to emulate the life-long cognitive process of lexicon learning. An exploration-exploitation mechanism is designed to trade off between searching for new sentiment words and updating the polarity score of one word. Experimental results on several popular datasets show that our approach significantly improves the sentiment classification performance for a variety of domains by means of improving the quality of sentiment lexicons. Case-studies also illustrate how polarity scores of the same words are discovered for different domains.  相似文献   

Meeting Information Needs through Global Partnerships: A Roadmap to Becoming a Global Health Sciences Library     

Nandita S. Mani  Megan Fratta  Rebecca Carlson  Michelle Cawley 《图书馆管理杂志》2020,60(7):830-851

Abstract

Supporting global health priorities through the development of robust health science librarianship partnerships is of significant importance. Increased demand for synthesizing evidence-based information, collating quality resources, and increasing research productivity to improve human health requires integration of library and information science skills and expertise. The Health Sciences Library (HSL) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), exists to be an indispensable partner in health information and knowledge, teaching and learning, and research. As global efforts at UNC expanded, the HSL sought to ensure that our global engagement strategy and integration were aligned with campus priorities and partner needs. The HSL created a global research partnership plan: identify resources that improve efficiency, increase access to information, build in-country capacity and expertise—all while strengthening collaborations across multiple countries. Creating a meaningful and sustainable engagement strategy was central to envisioning our path forward and can be used as a framework for consideration by librarians in similar settings.  相似文献   

当地知识在乡村发展规划中的应用——以西藏山南地区为例     

周伟  麻泽龙  曾云英 《资源科学》2006,28(1):37-42

当地人关于当地社会、经济、生态环境的知识对制定乡村发展规划影响重大。规划内容与当地知识体系能否兼容，决定了规划方案的成败。在西藏山南地区的小康示范村（县）规划中，通过访问、画图、野外调查和阅读地方志充分挖掘了当地知识；选用优势-劣势-机遇-风险分析矩阵（SWOT）评估当地知识，筛选出促进当地社会经济、生态环境发展的知识，将其融入规划方案。结果表明：①农牧区的当地知识具有感性强、双重性、传统性和发展滞后等特点，知识构成能反映当地社会经济、生态环境发展状况；②当地知识在乡村的基础设施建设、增收、人居环境美化、生态环境保护和社会发展规划中有积极的作用；③以当地知识为基础的乡村发展规划，经过规划人员、地方政府和农牧民的交流后，获得了农牧民的认可。  相似文献   

全新研发理念下国家重点专项的管理创新 ——以国家重点研发计划"战略性先进电子材料"重点专项为例     

杨斌 《科技管理研究》2020,40(11):177-183

以国家重点研发计划“战略性先进电子材料”重点专项为例,总结介绍在“全链条设计,一体化部署”研发  相似文献