乒乓球运动员膝关节损伤机制研究——对3种常用步法的膝关节负荷特征分析     

周星栋  肖丹丹  郭文霞  黄习梅  张晓栋 《中国体育科技》2020,(6):62-67

目的:了解不同性别乒乓球运动员完成并步、跳步、跨步3种常用步法时膝关节的负荷特征,并探析乒乓球运动员膝关节的损伤机制。方法:对乒乓球男、女各10名运动员完成3种常用步法动作时的下肢运动学、动力学数据进行采集和处理,并运用方差分析法比较不同性别、不同技术之间的差异。结果:受试者在完成3种步法过程中,膝关节屈角大致范围在20°~60°。当地面反作用力最大时,女运动员比男运动员表现出更小的外展角(P<0.05),跳步比并步和跨步表现出更小的外展角(P<0.05);在三维受力方面,膝关节受到垂直方向上的力最大,水平向后和向左的力次之,未表现出显著的性别差异和技术差异;在三维力矩方面,膝关节受到的伸膝力矩较大,也未表现出显著的性别差异和技术差异。结论:膝关节屈曲状态下,较大的地面反作用力和膝关节外展角易导致乒乓球运动员前交叉韧带损伤,女运动员的损伤风险小于男运动员,跳步的损伤风险小于并步和跨步;水平向后和向左的力易造成乒乓球运动员软骨和半月板损伤;过大的伸膝力矩易导致乒乓球运动员髌腱末端病和髌骨软化。  相似文献   

中小学体育教师工作特征与工作倦怠的关系:自我决定和工作旺盛感的链式中介     

王文增  刘晓明 《沈阳体育学院学报》2020,(1):29-38

目的:探讨中小学体育教师工作特征、自我决定、工作旺盛感和工作倦怠的关系。方法:采用工作特征问卷、自我决定问卷、工作旺盛感问卷和工作倦怠量表对305名中小学体育教师进行测量。结果:1)工作特征、自我决定、工作旺盛感、工作倦怠彼此间显著相关。2)链式中介效应分析表明,自我决定和工作旺盛感在工作要求和工作倦怠间起链式中介作用,其效应值为0.13,效应量为40.63%。自我决定和工作旺盛感在工作资源和工作倦怠间起链式中介作用,其效应值为-0.20,效应量为54.05%。结论:中小学体育教师的工作特征通过自我决定和工作旺盛感的链式中介效应间接影响其工作倦怠。  相似文献   

新中国成立70年来体育教育专业人才培养的演变与特征分析     

周红萍  吕万刚 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(8):65-71

研究新中国成立70年来体育教育专业人才培养特征与演变规律，是呈现体育教育专业发展历史的需要，是推动体育教育专业发展和改革的一项基础性工程。采用文献资料法、历史法、专家访谈法和逻辑分析法，对体育教育专业发展规模、专业定位、培养方案、课程设置、教学模式等方面开展研究，结果表明：新中国成立70年来，体育教育专业经历了学习与移植、探索与挫折、混乱与恢复、开放与改革、提速与跨越、实践与创新的演变过程。表现出专业规模不断扩大、培养目标由单一向多元发展、课程设置逐渐模块化和弹性化、选修课和实践课学时逐步增加、总学分缓慢降低、人才培养模式多样、教学方法不断更新等特征。这些演变是基于国际国内的政治、经济、文化和科技发展的历史缘由。当下，专业认证已全面铺开，坚持"一流专业"建设是培养卓越体育教师的根与本。  相似文献   

Modelling Quoting in Newswriting: A Framework for Studies on the Production of News     

Lauri Haapanen 《Journalism Practice》2020,14(3):374-394

ABSTRACT

The Mediated Social Communication (MSC) approach considers mass media a venue for opposing and complementary societal groups to publicly negotiate socially relevant topics. This negotiation is conducted through representatives of these groups and mediated by journalists. Inspired by the MSC approach, this paper presents an empirically grounded model that structures the mediating process through the process of quoting. By identifying the key phases of newswriting as sub-processes of quoting, the paper argues that journalists (1) decide on a topical issue to be addressed (topicalisation), (2) identify groups of people who are linked to this issue (societal localisation), (3) pick some people as representatives of these societal groups (personalisation), and (4) verbalise these people's points of view, often by means of quoting, inter alia (verbalisation). The four-phase model is then operationalised into a data collection method that facilitates access to and fosters new insights into the subtle dynamics of newswriting. Hitherto, these dynamics have often remained obscure, because the craft ethos is adopted as tacit knowledge through implicit socialisation and is therefore difficult for journalists to verbalise. The paper concludes by calling for reconsideration of journalists’ role as gatekeepers who decide which issues and voices are heard in public discourse.  相似文献   

体育英语专业学术论文研究的演进、分类与特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

王玉杰  李延超 《体育科研》2018,(1):43-47,65

通过文献资料法、数据统计法对体育英语专业学术论文研究的演进、分类和特征进行分析。研究表明，体育英语专业学术论文研究可根据体育英语专业的开设、北京奥运会的举办、新一轮的《全民健身计划》3个时间节点将其分为起步阶段、初步提升阶段、飞速发展阶段；内容大致分为办学类、教学类、复合应用类等3个方面，体育英语专业学术论文在学科交叉性、人才融合性、研究深度待拓展等方面与其他学术论文存在一定的差异。  相似文献   

The Impact of Receivers’ Nationality and Cultural Orientation on the Effects of Fear Appeals in Health Communication     

Carel Jansen  Geke van der Kroef 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2019,48(1):72-90

Participants from the Netherlands (n = 52), China (n = 50), and South Africa (n = 166) either read a self-targeted or a family-targeted fear appeal message about chlamydia. Seven aspects of individual cultural orientation were measured, and six effects of the different messages. Interactions between nationality and target of threat were found on perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and danger control. Only for perceived susceptibility, a difference in cultural orientation partly explained this interaction. The outcomes add to the doubts about claims in earlier literature about the relevance of receivers’ nationality and cultural orientation for developing a fear appeal message.  相似文献   

微信小程序在科技期刊移动端服务中的应用     

李广欣 《中国科技期刊研究》2018,29(8):806-812

【目的】 探讨科技期刊微信公众平台纳入微信小程序这一元素的合理性、必要性与基本思路，为提升科技期刊传播力和移动端服务能力提供思路与建议。【方法】 综合运用场景理论分析、媒介特征分析、案例类比分析等方法进行思考和论证。【结果】 微信小程序在开辟工具服务领域、强化行为驱动的用户间交流、增强内容呈现效果、识别活跃用户等方面具有较大的潜力，可有助于拓展科技期刊微信公众平台的既有功能。科学识别场景、保证功能单一化、关注社交性应用、多界面联动等思路，对于小程序的实际开发具有指导意义。【结论】 科技期刊有必要运用场景理论，在科学分析媒介特征与传播机制的基础上，关注并尝试开发微信小程序，以进一步提升自身的移动端服务水平。  相似文献   

University licensing and the flow of scientific knowledge     

Neil C. Thompson  Arvids A. Ziedonis  David C. Mowery 《Research Policy》2018,47(6):1060-1069

As university involvement in technology transfer and entrepreneurship has increased, concerns over the patenting and licensing of scientific discoveries have grown. This paper examines the effect that the licensing of academic patents has on journal citations to academic publications covering the same scientific research. We analyze data on invention disclosures, patents, and licenses from the University of California, a leading U.S. academic patenter and licensor, between 1997 and 2007. We also develop a novel “inventor-based” maximum-likelihood matching technique to automate and generalize Murray's (2002) “patent-paper pairs” methodology. We use this methodology to identify the scientific publications associated with University of California patents and licenses.Based on a “difference-in-differences” analysis, we find that within our sample of patented academic discoveries, citations to licensed patent-linked publications are higher in the three years after the license, although this difference is not statistically significant. We then disaggregate our sample into (a) patented discoveries that are likely to be used as “research tools” by other researchers (based on the presence of material transfer agreements (MTAs) that cover them) and (b) patented discoveries not covered by MTAs. Citations to publications linked to licensed patents in the latter subset (not covered by MTAs) are higher for publications linked to licensed patents, and this difference is statistically significant. In contrast, licensing of patented discoveries that are also research tools is associated with a reduction in citations to papers linked to these research advances, raising the possibility that licensing may restrict the flow of inputs to “follow-on” scientific research.  相似文献   

Suffering in sport: why people willingly embrace negative emotional experiences     

Michael S. Brady 《体育哲学杂志》2019,46(2):115-128

ABSTRACT

Nearly everyone agrees that physical pain is bad. Indeed, if anything merits the status of a platitude in our everyday thinking about value, the idea that pain is bad surely does. Equally, it seems clearly true that emotional suffering – despair, loneliness, grief, disappointment, guilt, shame, lovesickness, and the like – are all bad as well. We are strongly inclined to pity and feel sorry for those who suffer emotionally in these ways; we are motivated, at least some of the time, to do what we can to alleviate their suffering. Given this, it might seem curious that pain and suffering are so integral to sport – whether one is a participant or a spectator. There’s nothing particularly puzzling about pain and suffering that is inadvertently related to sport – as when an athlete injures her hamstring and has to miss her chance at Olympic glory, or when supporters face the misery of getting up at 6am because an away game has been scheduled to start at noon. But there does seem to be something curious about the extent to which pain and suffering are voluntarily embraced by participants and spectators, as the quotation from Nick Hornby aptly illustrates. Why do people willingly engage in something that brings about so much suffering? In this paper, I’ll attempt to answer this question.¹  相似文献   

自引研究综述:科学评价与科学交流中的质疑、求证与创新     

温芳芳 《图书情报工作》2019,63(21):117-127

[目的/意义]自引本是科学交流的一种普遍现象，但在科学评价问题上却陷入了长久的争议。自引研究综述有助于增进学者们对自引的认识和了解，理清对自引的偏见与误解，启发更多人对自引做持续的关注与思索。[方法/过程]通过国内外相关文献的系统调研分析，客观描述自引研究的发展历程与现状，梳理其学术脉络和演化轨迹，归纳主要成果和思想，指出当前研究存在的问题，预测未来研究重点与方向。[结果/结论]自引研究经历了长期的质疑和反复的求证，至今并无定论，分歧源于研究视角的差异。自引研究亟需新的突破，重心将从单纯的计量与统计分析转向数据背后规律和机理的深度挖掘与解析，自引在考察学术传承和知识扩散方面的功能也将被进一步发掘。  相似文献