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1.
Individual, family and community risk factors might determine the success or failure of educational interventions. The study is a secondary analysis, aimed at identifying distinctive constellations of risk for educational attainment, and at exploring whether membership to these constellations moderated the impact of a cluster-randomized reading intervention in rural India. By means of latent profile analysis, four constellations of risk were identified based on individual and family risk-factors. Multilevel cumulative logit models confirmed that the intervention had a positive impact on the outcome, and revealed that profile membership did not moderate the effect of the intervention. However more nuanced analysis showed that the intervention worked differently for children with different risk-profiles depending on contextual factors.  相似文献   
2.
Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.  相似文献   
3.
摘要:太极拳风靡海内外,但是近年来有报告对其安全性提出了质疑。分析已发表的随机对照试验文献,证实太极拳安全性。检索MEDLINE/PubMed,EBSCO host和the Cochrane Library从建库到2016年2月的文献。纳入标准:1)随机对照试验;2)两组平行;3)太极拳是核心干预;4)详细报告不良反应。使用Cochrane偏倚风险评价表评估纳入文献质量。研究结果:最终24项研究(26篇文献;2003-2016年;共1794受试者)符合纳入标准。12项研究报告了完整的随机序列生成和分配隐藏。太极拳与运动或非运动干预相比,严重、一般、干预引发的不良反应均无显著差异。与非运动干预相比,包含不良反应监测预案的研究与未提及的研究在一般不良反应发生数量上有显著差异(RD=0.05,95%CI:0.00,0.10;P= 0.05)。对于心脏病人来说,太极拳干预与非运动干预相比严重不良反应发生数量存在显著差异(RD=-0.11,95% CI:-0.20, -0.03;P= 0.01)。研究结论:在随机对照实验中,太极拳干预与其他运动或非运动干预相比是安全的,特别是适合心脏病人练习。希望今后的研究采用更严谨的研究方法,纳入足够的样本量,报告高质量的不良反应数据,这样才能更好地总结归纳评价太极拳的安全性。  相似文献   
4.
ABSTRACT

We performed a randomized, controlled trial to analyse the effects of resistance training (RT) on cognitive and physical function among older adults. Fifty participants (mean age 67 years, ~60% woman) were randomly assigned to an RT program or a control group. Participants allocated to RT performed three sets of 10-15RM in nine exercises, three times per week, for 12-weeks. Control group did not perform any exercise. Variables included cognitive (global and executive function) and physical function (gait, mobility and strength) outcomes. At completion of the intervention, RT was shown to have significantly mitigated the drop in selective attention and conflict resolution performance (Stroop test: -494.6; 95%CI: -883.1; ?106.1) and promoted a significant improvement in working memory (digit span forward: -0.6; 95%CI: ?1.0; ?0.1 and forward minus backward: -0.9; 95% CI: ?1.6; ?0.2) and verbal fluency (animal naming: +1.4, 95%CI 0.3, 2.5). No significant between-group differences were observed for other cognitive outcomes. Regarding physical function, at completion of the intervention, the RT group demonstrated improved fast-pace gait performance (?0.3; 95% CI: ?0.6; ?0.0) and 1-RM (+21.4 kg; 95%CI: 16.6; 26.2). No significant between-group differences were observed for other mobility-related outcomes. In conclusion, RT improves cognitive and physical function of older adults.  相似文献   
5.
与众多语言一样,俄语中的性别歧视现象久已存在,在称呼语中的表现尤为突出称呼语中的性别歧视不仅能够凸显交际双方的性别角色和社会地位,而且可以直接反映俄罗斯民族的社会规约、历史沉积、文化理念、价值观念、思维方式和民族习性。文章在梳理与整合俄语称呼语中各种性别歧视语料的基础上,指出了社会对于男女两性的不同期望与心理认同.并对性别歧视产生的原因作了简要的分析。  相似文献   
6.
本文以1981-2011年主要进出口商品数量与金额数据为基础,对我国贸易条件指数进行计算,并围绕技术进步,采用分位数回归和状态空间模型对影响贸易条件的各因素进行实证分析.结果表明,技术进步有利于贸易条件的改善,对于不同分位数水平的贸易条件,技术进步的影响呈现较大的变动,有随着分位数水平的不断提高而增强的趋势,且历年技术进步对贸易条件的弹性系数具有动态变化性;此外,一国经济增长、FDI及劳动生产率也对贸易条件有显著影响.最后,基于实证研究为进一步改善我国贸易条件提出了相关政策建议.  相似文献   
7.
用单摆测重力加速是中学物理较重要的实验,本文应用传统方法、计时器、传感器三种测量方式对重力加速度进行测量。三种测量方法均在误差范围内,结果发现利用传感器测量结果误差最小。  相似文献   
8.
一种测试不同温度下非饱和土土-水特征曲线的试验装置   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究目的:研制一种试验装置,以实现对非饱和土土-水特征曲线温度效应的有效测试。创新要点:1.研制了一种温控非饱和土三轴试验装置,包括加载系统、吸力控制系统和温度控制系统;2.利用研制的温控非饱和土三轴试验装置,对不同温度(25,40和60℃)以及不同应力(40100和200kPa)条件下的非饱和土土-水特征曲线进行了试验测定。研究方法:1.总结分析已有的温控三轴仪所采用的加热方式的优缺点,提出环向加热压力室内水体的方法;2.基于GDS非饱和土三轴仪,研制可实现温度控制功能的温控非饱和土三轴仪(图1、2);3.开展不同温度及不同应力条件下非饱和土土水特征曲线的试验研究。重要结论:1.所研制的温控非饱和土三轴仪的实用效果得到验证;2.温度的升高将引起非饱和土持水性能的降低。  相似文献   
9.
对近代学徒制异变的养成工制进行研究。通过对养成工制的起源、类型、招考、培养、管理等进行全面的梳理和分析,了解我国民族工业发展进程中学徒制的演进。  相似文献   
10.
Basic subjects in medical education, such as anatomy, are often taught through teaching formats that do not always sufficiently demonstrate the relevance of this basic information for clinical practice. Accordingly, it is a recent trend in anatomy education to link anatomical information more explicitly to clinical practice. This article presents an online video platform (Tuebingen’s Sectio Chirurgica [TSC]) as one means of explicitly integrating preclinical anatomical knowledge and clinical application. The purpose of the study presented here was to examine the effects of videos through which medical students were educated about Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstruction. A TSC video about this surgical procedure was compared to a video with a traditional lecture providing the identical information. Participants (n = 114) perceived the TSC video to be superior in comprehensibility of the presentation (P = 0.003) and conceivability of the surgical procedure (P = 0.027), and to be more entertaining (P < 0.001). Moreover, participants in the TSC condition acquired more clinical knowledge than in the lecture condition (P = 0.043) but did not differ in their acquisition of anatomical knowledge. Mediation analyses indicated that the effect on the acquisition of clinical knowledge was mediated by comprehensibility, conceivability, and entertainment. These findings are discussed regarding their implications for medical education in terms of contributing to the general trend of linking preclinical anatomical knowledge to clinical application. A discussion about the limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also provided.  相似文献   
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