学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查的独立性     

翟继勇  董琴娟 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(2):96-101

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法等研究方法，对我国各省份学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查的独立性进行研究。通过对我国各省份学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查独立性的现状、问题、原因及对策的探索，在政策上，可以为教育行政部门改革提供决策思路和参考，在实践上，可以提高学生体质健康测试督查的权威性和有效性，倒逼学生体质健康测试的规范化实施。研究发现，当前我国各省份学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查的独立性差，主要体现在第三方机构与教育厅存在行政隶属关系、存在利益关联、第三方机构工作自主性差3个方面。影响学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查独立性的因素主要为中国传统文化对体育和公民意识的漠视、当事方的利益诉求对第三方机构督查独立性的限制、法规制度缺位、第三方机构发育程度低等。提出保障学生体质健康测试第三方机构督查独立性的对策：教育部对第三方机构督查的责权划分做出设计安排，培养公民意识，扩宽经费来源渠道，第三方机构完善自身治理。  相似文献   

短跑专项力量训练手段训练效应的实证研究——以拖重物跑为例     

王蓓  谢慧松  刘少飞 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(8):82-88

研究目的：探究拖重物跑训练手段对短跑运动员的身体素质、途中跑阶段的技术特征及下肢环节肌肉力量的影响，深入认识其对短跑途中跑技术和专项力量的作用机制。研究方法：对14名男子二级左右水平短跑运动员进行为期8周每周3次6%~10% BM负荷的拖重物跑训练，采用高速摄像分析法、等动肌力测试法分析运动员身体素质；支撑阶段髋、膝、踝关节运动学参数和下肢各环节肌肉力量实验前后的变化情况。结果：（1）实验后运动员30m、60m、立定跳远、立定三级跳远等身体素质及专项成绩显著提高；（2）步长、重心水平速度显著性提高，两大腿剪绞平均速度提高、单步时间减少；支撑阶段最小膝、踝角显著降低，角速度提高；（3）髋、膝关节伸/屈肌群PT/BW、AP除膝关节60°/sPT/BW值未见统计学意义，其余各角速度下PT/BW、AP均呈显著性差异，踝关节跖屈肌群各角速度下PT/BW值显著提高，跖屈肌群60°/s速度下AP提高，背屈肌群AP略降低。结论：适宜负荷的拖重物跑训练可显著改善短跑运动员运动素质、提高运动成绩；有利于提高髋关节剪绞-制动力量，使膝、踝关节处于低位超等长"屈蹬"状态；提高了髋、膝关节屈伸肌群快速主动收缩能力及踝关节跖屈肌群退让性快速收缩能力。  相似文献   

Reliably Assessing Growth with Longitudinal Diagnostic Classification Models     

Matthew J. Madison 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(2):68-78

Recent advances have enabled diagnostic classification models (DCMs) to accommodate longitudinal data. These longitudinal DCMs were developed to study how examinees change, or transition, between different attribute mastery statuses over time. This study examines using longitudinal DCMs as an approach to assessing growth and serves three purposes: (1) to define and evaluate two reliability measures to be used in the application of longitudinal DCMs; (2) through simulation, demonstrate that longitudinal DCM growth estimates have increased reliability compared to longitudinal item response theory models; and (3) through an empirical analysis, illustrate the practical and interpretive benefits of longitudinal DCMs. A discussion describes how longitudinal DCMs can be used as practical and reliable psychometric models when categorical and criterion‐referenced interpretations of growth are desired.  相似文献   

Postural balance and rifle stability in a standing shooting position after specific physical effort in biathletes     

Dorota Sadowska  Justyna Krzepota  Andrzej Klusiewicz 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1892-1898

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of maximal specific physical effort on postural balance and rifle stability in biathletes in a standing shooting position. The study included 10 junior elite biathletes. The measurements were taken with the Vicon system and AMTI force platform. Postural balance and rifle stability characteristics were determined at rest as well as 1 and 5 min post maximal specific physical effort which was performed on a ski ergometer and continued until exhaustion. Maximal physical effort exerted a significant effect on all examined postural sway and rifle sway characteristics. The duration of the post-exercise changes was longer than 5 minutes. Higher post-effort rifle sway was observed in the vertical direction than in the across the shooting line direction. Post-effort postural balance impairment in the shooting line was much greater than in the across the shooting line direction. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between postural balance and rifle stability. Maximal physical effort influenced postural balance and rifle stability during aiming. Rifle sway during aiming in a standing shooting position seems to be coordinated with the postural sway of the biathlete’s body. Thus, an increase in postural sway contributes to greater sway and lesser stability of the rifle.  相似文献   

Digital Module 05: Diagnostic Measurement—The G‐DINA Framework https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com     

Wenchao Ma  Jimmy de la Torre 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(2):114-115

In this ITEMS module, we introduce the generalized deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (G‐DINA) model, which is a general framework for specifying, estimating, and evaluating a wide variety of cognitive diagnosis models. The module contains a nontechnical introduction to diagnostic measurement, an introductory overview of the G‐DINA model, as well as common special cases, and a review of model‐data fit evaluation practices within this framework. We use the flexible GDINA R package, which is available for free within the R environment and provides a user‐friendly graphical interface in addition to the code‐driven layer. The digital module also contains videos of worked examples, solutions to data activity questions, curated resources, a glossary, and quizzes with diagnostic feedback.  相似文献   

Responses to oral glucose challenge differ by physical activity volume and intensity: A pilot study     

Trevor N. Simper  Cecile Morris  Anthony Lynn  Ciara O'Hagan  Karen Kilner 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):645-650

BackgroundOne-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity (PA) has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response. This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.MethodsThirty-one adults without diabetes (age 25.9 ± 6.6 years; body mass index 23.8 ± 3.8 kg/m²; mean ± SD) were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity: low activity < 30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity (n = 11), moderately active ≥ 30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA (n = 10), and very active ≥ 60 min/day of PA at high intensity (n = 10). Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test (50 g glucose) with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min post-ingestion.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin (p > 0.05). The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level (p = 0.003) and, marginally, for gender (p = 0.053) and BMI (p = 0.050). There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results (p = 0.029), with differences between very active and low activity groups (p = 0.008) but not between the moderately active and low activity groups (p = 0.360), even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for. For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for (p = 0.401). Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group (p = 0.012).ConclusionThe results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.  相似文献   

大学生体质健康测试中运动损伤的调查研究     

朱丽丽  侯毓岭  蒋兰新 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(4):62-63

为了更好地完成《国家学生体质健康标准》的测试工作,本文采用文献资料、逻辑分析、实地考察等方法,对大学生体质健康测试过程中常发生的运动损伤进行了分析,并提出相应的预防措施,为体质健康测试的顺利进行、学生的健康发展、教育主管部门的决策提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Establishing a practical treadmill sprint as an alternative to the Wingate anaerobic test     

Greg L. McKie  Hashim Islam  Logan K. Townsend  Greg J. Howe 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(2):138-144

This study examined the validity and reliability of a 30-second running sprint test using two non-motorized treadmills compared to the established Wingate Anaerobic Test. Twenty-four participants completed three sessions in a randomized order on a: (1) manual mode treadmill (Woodway); (2) specialized interval training treadmill (HiTrainer); and (3) Wingate cycle ergometer. In a subset of 15 participants, 2 additional sessions were completed on both treadmills to establish the test–retest reliability. Peak (Woodway: r = .68; HiTrainer: r = .58; p < .003), average (Woodway: r = .82; HiTrainer: r = .72, p < .001), and minimum (Woodway: r = .64; HiTrainer: r = .42, p < .043) speed indices were moderately to very strongly correlated with corresponding Wingate Anaerobic Test outputs and had excellent test–retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficients > .75). Fatigue index during the Wingate Anaerobic Test (51.20 ± 7.14%) was moderately correlated with the Woodway (32.9 ± 10.9%, r = .55, p = .005) only. This 30-second running sprint test may be a valid and reliable mode-specific alternative to the Wingate Anaerobic Test.  相似文献   

Determination of peak cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in children: which averaging method should we use?     

Joel Blanchard  Samuel Blais  Philippe Chetaille  Michele Bisson  François P. Counil  Thelma H. Girard 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1265-1269

The purpose of this study was to identify which averaging methods most accurately measures peak cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters [peak O₂ uptake (VO₂), peak O₂pulse and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER)] in a sample of healthy children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional multicenter study, we recruited 278 healthy children aged 12–17 years. We compared the mean peak value of three CRF parameters using the recommended averaging methods (30-second block average) with alternative averaging methods such as moving averages or shorter smoothing periods. We also assessed averaging methods for accuracy by individually reviewing breath-by-breath scatter plots. The 30-second block average method resulted in a lower mean peak VO₂ and in an increased proportion of underestimated peak values. Using a 30-second moving average significantly increased mean peak values which increased accuracy. Similar results were found for peak RER and peak O₂pulse. In conclusion, the currently recommended averaging method (30-second block average) increased the risk of misinterpretation of peak CRF values in children. Using a moving average approach decreased misinterpretation and increased accuracy.  相似文献   

Physical characteristics and resistance parameters of typical urban cyclists     

Simone Tengattini 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(20):2383-2391

This study investigates the rolling and drag resistance parameters and bicycle and cargo masses of typical urban cyclists. These factors are important for modelling of cyclist speed, power and energy expenditure, with applications including exercise performance, health and safety assessments and transportation network analysis. However, representative values for diverse urban travellers have not been established. Resistance parameters were measured utilizing a field coast-down test for 557 intercepted cyclists in Vancouver, Canada. Masses were also measured, along with other bicycle attributes such as tire pressure and size. The average (standard deviation) of coefficient of rolling resistance, effective frontal area, bicycle plus cargo mass, and bicycle-only mass were 0.0077 (0.0036), 0.559 (0.170) m², 18.3 (4.1) kg, and 13.7 (3.3) kg, respectively. The range of measured values is wider and higher than suggested in existing literature, which focusses on sport cyclists. Significant correlations are identified between resistance parameters and rider and bicycle attributes, indicating higher resistance parameters for less sport-oriented cyclists. The findings of this study are important for appropriately characterising the full range of urban cyclists, including commuters and casual riders.  相似文献