以社区为驱动力实现全民健康的研究     

胡振飞  曾凡鑫 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(6):115-116,127

以社区为驱动力实现全民健康的研究是一条社区推动全面小康之路,最终目的是解决国民健康面临的现实困境,促进健康中国战略的实施。文章通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,从社区对全民健康计划实施的意义着手,较为全面、系统的分析了社区在全民健康目标实现过程中的作用、价值及内在联系,并提出:以卫生服务管理为突破口,构建新型卫生健康管理服务模式;以社区为单位,提升国民健康素养水平;以环境治理为基点,优化社区环境质量;以国家战略为引领,发展社区健康产业等路径,助推全民健康目标的实现进度。  相似文献   

Physical characteristics and resistance parameters of typical urban cyclists     

Simone Tengattini 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(20):2383-2391

This study investigates the rolling and drag resistance parameters and bicycle and cargo masses of typical urban cyclists. These factors are important for modelling of cyclist speed, power and energy expenditure, with applications including exercise performance, health and safety assessments and transportation network analysis. However, representative values for diverse urban travellers have not been established. Resistance parameters were measured utilizing a field coast-down test for 557 intercepted cyclists in Vancouver, Canada. Masses were also measured, along with other bicycle attributes such as tire pressure and size. The average (standard deviation) of coefficient of rolling resistance, effective frontal area, bicycle plus cargo mass, and bicycle-only mass were 0.0077 (0.0036), 0.559 (0.170) m², 18.3 (4.1) kg, and 13.7 (3.3) kg, respectively. The range of measured values is wider and higher than suggested in existing literature, which focusses on sport cyclists. Significant correlations are identified between resistance parameters and rider and bicycle attributes, indicating higher resistance parameters for less sport-oriented cyclists. The findings of this study are important for appropriately characterising the full range of urban cyclists, including commuters and casual riders.  相似文献   

Swimming and peak bone mineral density: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Alejandro Gomez-Bruton  Jesús Montero-Marín  Alejandro González-Agüero  Alba Gómez-Cabello  Javier García-Campayo  Luis A. Moreno 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(4):365-377

This meta-analysis aims to determine the effects of regular swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults (18–30 years). A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Library from the earliest possible year to March 2016. Swimmers were compared to non-athletic controls (CG) and to high-impact athletes (HIGH). Effect sizes with the Hedges g in random effects models were developed. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. Swimmers presented similar BMD values to CG in whole-body (g = ?0.20; P = 0.251), femoral neck (g = ?0.05; P = 0.818) and lumbar spine (g = 0.18; P = 0.492); and lower BMD in the whole-body (g = ?1.21; P < 0.001), femoral neck (g = ?1.51; P < 0.001) and lumbar spine (g = ?0.84; P = 0.017) than the HIGH. For the whole-body differences, the higher the latitude the smaller the differences between swimmers and HIGH (B = 0.10; P = 0.001). For the femoral neck differences, age also seemed to reduce the differences between groups (B = 0.19; P = 0.020). Young adult swimmers present similar BMD values than CG and lower values than HIGH.  相似文献   

The effects of resistance training volume on osteosarcopenic obesity in older women     

Paolo M. Cunha  Alex S. Ribeiro  Crisieli M. Tomeleri  Brad J. Schoenfeld  Analiza M. Silva  Mariana F. Souza 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(14):1564-1571

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) performed with 1 or 3 sets per exercise on osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome parameters in older women. Sixty-two older women (68.0 ± 4.3 years, 26.8 ± 4.4 kg/m²) participated in a 12-week RT program. Participants were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: two training groups that performed either 1 set (G1S, n = 21) or 3 sets (G3S, n = 20) 3 times weekly, or a control group (CG, n = 21). Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, strength was evaluated by 1 repetition maximum testing. The G3S presented significantly higher strength changes than G1S. The changes for percentage of body fat were higher for G3S compared to G1S. There was no difference in skeletal muscle mass between G3S and G1S, however both training groups displayed greater increases in this outcome compared to CG. There was no effect for bone mineral density. The overall analysis indicated higher (P < 0.05) positive changes for G3S than G1S (composed Z-score: G3S = 0.62 ± 0.40; G1S = 0.11 ± 0.48). The results suggest that a 12-week RT period is effective to improve the risk factors of OSO, and that 3 sets induce higher improvements than a single set.  相似文献   

The biomechanical characteristics of high-performance endurance running     

Stephen J. Preece  Christopher Bramah  Duncan Mason 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):784-792

The biomechanical profile of high-level endurance runners may represent a useful model that could be used for developing training programmes designed to improve running style. This study, therefore, sought to compare the biomechanical characteristics of high-performance and recreational runners. Kinematic and kinetic measurements were taken during overground running from a cohort of 14 high-performance (8 male) and 14 recreational (8 male) runners, at four speeds ranging from 3.3 to 5.6?m?s^?1. Two-way ANOVA analysis was then used to explore group and speed effects and principal component analysis used to explore the interdependence of the tested variables. The data showed the high-performance runners to have a gait style characterised by an increased vertical velocity of the centre of mass and a flight time that was 11% longer than the recreational group. The high-performance group were also observed to adopt a forefoot strike pattern, to contact the ground with their foot closer to their body and to have a larger ankle moment. Importantly, although observed group differences were mostly independent of speed, the tested variables showed a high degree of interdependence suggesting an underlying unitary phenomenon. This is the first study to compare high-performance and recreational runners across a full range of kinematic and kinetic variables. The results suggest that high-performance runners maintain stride length with a prolonged aerial phase, rather than by landing with a more extended knee. These findings motivate future intervention studies that should investigate whether recreational runners could benefit from instruction to decrease shank inclination at foot contact.  相似文献   

对全民健身战略背景下健身走运动推广的必要性研究     

张杰 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(4):159-160

本文以户外健身走运动为研究对象,运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法,以全民健身为背景研究健身走运动的起源、发展、特征、价值、意义、注意事项以及发展存在的困境,进而对我国健身走运动的发展前景进行展望,为参与者提供科学锻炼的理论依据。  相似文献   

群众体育发展模式的结构创新     

史兵  丁建岚  钱钧  杨小帆  万丙智 《北京体育大学学报》2019,42(2):36-45

摘要：群众体育是我国体育事业的重要组成部分，经多年发展，逐步形成了“政府主导、部门协同、全社会共同参与”的发展模式。随着市场经济改革进一步深化，我国社会主要矛盾转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，现有群众体育发展模式已无法满足人民对健康生活的追求，迫切需要在国家治理体系层面上对其进行改革完善。通过文献资料分析法，对群众体育发展模式的结构进行剖析，对未能明确的主要问题进行梳理，发现现有模式存在主体不明、承担者模糊、发展方式单一，体育社会组织参与不够等问题。由此，提出群众体育发展模式的新思路及结构模型，明确政府、社会组织、市场在群众体育发展模式当中各自的作用、发展主体及性质。群众体育“政府引导、社会参与、公民主体、市场推动”的发展新模式将成为新时代体育事业发展的源动力。暨人民中心和公民主体地位充分体现，政府引导方式和责权范围明晰，体育社会组织参与主办承办者身份明确，社会自我组织有效管理，市场参与度高，体育服务供给丰富。以期对我国群众体育的长效发展提供建议及切实有效的发展路径，深入落实全民健身战略，提高人民健康水平。  相似文献   

Body composition differences by age and playing standard in male rugby union and rugby league: A systematic review and meta-analysis     

Tom Geeson-Brown  Ben Jones  Kevin Till  Sarah Chantler  Kevin Deighton 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(19):2161-2176

ABSTRACT

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine differences in body compositionn between playing standard and age in male rugby union and rugby league athletes. The MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for design, implementation, and reporting were followed. Studies were required to be in male rugby union or league and have body composition as the primary or secondary outcome. Data was required to be presented separately for positional groups and body composition presented as whole-body. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAHL via EBSCOhost. 57 studies were included for meta-analysis. Results highlighted significantly higher fat-free mass in senior elite than senior sub-elite or junior elite athletes for all RU and RL forwards. Small and non-significant differences were found in fat mass between rugby union playing standards and age categories. Rugby league senior elite forwards had less fat mass than junior elite forwards. Practitioners should prioritise training and nutritional strategies that maximise fat-free mass development, especially in junior elite cohorts.  相似文献   

知识溢出与高新技术产业集聚研究     

吴波虹 《重庆职业技术学院学报》2011,20(1):34-35

知识溢出是高新技术产业集聚的主要动因。该文从高新技术企业集聚的内涵出发,分析了知识溢出与高新技术企业地理距离的关系及高技术企业人才的流动、非正式交流、合作创新对高新技术产业集聚的影响。  相似文献   

关于绝热饱和温度的讨论     

欧阳华勇 《南通职业大学学报》2004,18(4):88-90

本文针对学生在《化工原理》学习中对绝热饱和温度概念的错误理解，通过对热质同时传递过程的分析、讨论，阐述了稳定状态和瞬时饱和状态的区别及绝热增湿过程的特点，并给出绝热饱和温度的合理定义。  相似文献