知识转移视角下复杂产品产学研协同创新管理机制研究     

李培哲  菅利荣  刘勇 《科技管理研究》2019,39(2)

复杂产品协同创新是一项复杂的系统工程,具有研发周期长、系统组成复杂、技术难度和投资风险大等特点,传统管理模式很难满足其产学研协同创新的要求,需要科学、合理的管理机制作为保障。以知识转移为视角,从关系契约管理和非正式网络管理两方面设计了复杂产品产学研协同创新的管理机制,提出关系契约管理和非正式网络管理在复杂产品产学研创新活动中会协同发生作用,能有效促进创新主体间显性知识和隐性知识的转移,保证产学研协同创新活动的顺利进行。  相似文献   

Contract cheating in UK higher education: A covert investigation of essay mills          下载免费PDF全文

Dominic Medway  Stuart Roper  Leah Gillooly 《British Educational Research Journal》2018,44(3):393-418

Contract cheating is currently a concern for universities and the higher education (HE) sector. It has been brought into the spotlight in recent years through the growth of online essay mills, where students can easily commission and purchase written assessment responses. This study contributes to the wider literature on academic integrity in HE by examining the phenomenon of contract cheating from a supply‐side perspective, thereby considering the essay mill offering and student interaction with it. The authors covertly engage with five essay mills, before successfully completing an assignment purchase with two of these providers. The pre‐purchase stage of an assignment transaction is first examined, unpacking ten reassurance cues used by essay mill providers in the text of their websites. These reassurance cues help to ensure the attractiveness of the essay mill product to potential student consumers. The analysis then moves to explore the ethical discourses around academic integrity that essay mills provide, revealing inconsistencies in their stance towards the potential for academic misconduct from the use of essay mill services. Finally, the article explores the quality of the essay mill product, through grading and Turnitin^® reports for the two purchased essay mill assignments. Following recent calls for the outlawing of essay mills, this article provides a timely addition to current understanding of this phenomenon, and the associated challenges of contract cheating in HE.  相似文献   

基于再制造闭环供应链视角的低碳减排研究     

史成东 《科技管理研究》2018,(10)

以一个销售商驱动的低碳再制造闭环供应链为研究对象,用均值-方差刻画风险特性,分析研究低碳产品市场和废旧低碳产品市场均为随机市场需求情境下、零和博弈和集中决策下闭环供应链中,低碳产品销售价、交易价格、低碳废旧产品回收价格等变量和节点企业期望效用及整个链条期望效用的变化规律。研究表明:零和博弈下低碳闭环供应链未能实现优化和协调。最后,设计正向渠道收益共享、逆向渠道风险共担契约,实现低碳再制造闭环供应链的协调,并通过数值仿真和灵敏度分析验证该模型的有效性及实用性。  相似文献   

视觉运动追踪及其在体育运动中的应用与启示     

刘洋  漆昌柱  秦杰 《武汉体育学院学报》2018,52(8):78-84

运动员的视觉运动追踪能力是众多运动项目获得优异比赛成绩的关键因素，也是近些年运动心理学研究的重要问题。运用文献综述法对国内外关于视觉运动追踪的基本理论、研究范式及其在体育运动中的应用进行剖析，总结以往研究所取得的成果和存在的不足，探讨视觉运动追踪研究对体育运动成绩的影响与启示，为后续相关研究提供一定的思路与方法借鉴，为运动员心理选材及心理技能训练方法与策略提供理论参考和实证依据。  相似文献   

Psychological support for sport coaches: an exploration of practitioner psychologist perspectives     

Sarah Kelly  Richard Thelwell  Jamie B. Barker  Chris G. Harwood 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(16):1852-1859

In the present study we add to the literature by exploring the degree to which UK practitioner psychologists perceive themselves able to support sport coaches, and how professional training prepares psychologists for coach work across performance domains. Ten participants comprising seven sport and exercise psychologists with Health Care Professions Council (HCPC) practitioner psychologist status and three trainee psychologists studying towards the British Psychological Society (BPS) qualification in sport and exercise psychology (QSEP) were individually interviewed. All participants reported prior experience of working with coaches across all performance domains. We explored: practitioner’s understanding of the challenges coaches face within their job; practitioner’s experiences of coach work; perspectives about the ways in which practitioners could and should support coaches; and, the degree to which professional training prepares practitioners for coach work. Using recommended procedures of Connelly and Peltzer, content analysis revealed practitioners perceived the challenges faced by coaches are different at grassroots level compared to those working with elite athletes, and that practitioners require skills to provide one-to-one coach support and group-based interventions. All practitioners perceived that training programmes do not adequately equip trainees with skills required for coach work. We discuss the implications for enhancing practitioner training in the UK.  相似文献   

The role of task and ego-oriented climate in explaining students’ bright and dark motivational experiences in Physical Education     

Luis García-González  Javier Sevil-Serrano  Angel Abós  Nathalie Aelterman  Leen Haerens 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2019,24(4):344-358

Background: A distinction is made in Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) between task-oriented (i.e. effort, intra-individual progress, and self-comparison) and ego-oriented (i.e. inter-individual progress and normative comparison) climates. Combining insights from AGT and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), studies in the PE context have shown that a task-oriented climate positively relates to need satisfaction, although the findings regarding the motivating role of an ego-oriented climate are inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about the role of task- or ego-oriented climates in explaining experiences of basic psychological need frustration.

Purpose: Grounded in AGT and SDT, the aim of the present study was to examine if experiences of basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration can explain why task- and ego-oriented climates elicit positive and negative motivational outcomes in PE, respectively.

Research design: Cross-sectional study.

Method: A sample of 524 secondary school students (51.1% boys, M_age?=?14.51; SD?=?1.81) from five different secondary schools participated in this study. Students reported on their perceptions of task- and ego-oriented climates, motivational regulations, basic psychological need satisfaction, and need frustration, as well as positive and negative outcomes in PE. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate our objective.

Results: We found that a task-oriented climate had a strong and positive relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction, eliciting a bright pathway to autonomous motivation and affective attitude. An ego-oriented climate was positively related to basic psychological need frustration, eliciting a dark pathway to amotivation and boredom. A negative cross-path from task-oriented climate to basic psychological need frustration was also found, while no significant cross-paths were found from ego-oriented climate to basic psychological need satisfaction.

Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that explain why task- and ego-oriented climates shape students’ motivational experiences in PE lessons. It is suggested that a task-oriented climate elicits a bright pathway towards more optimal functioning, because it fosters experiences of need satisfaction and buffers against experiences of need frustration. In contrast, an ego-oriented climate is primarily positively related to feelings of need frustration and negative motivational outcomes. Practical implications for PE teacher training are discussed.  相似文献   

The moderating role of resilience in the relationship between academic burnout and the perception of psychological health in nursing students     

Mariano García-Izquierdo  César Carrillo-García  Emiliana de los Ángeles Sabuco-Tebar 《教育心理学》2018,38(8):1068-1079

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyse the role of resilience in the dimensions of academic burnout syndrome and psychological health in a sample of nursing students. A battery of questionnaires was administered to 218 nursing students, all of whom were in the second year of their degree at the University of Murcia (Spain). The applied protocol used the CD-RISC 10 scale for the measurement of resilience, the burnout scale MBI, and the GHQ-12 questionnaire to assess psychological health. The findings showed a significant relationship between resilience and burnout, emotional exhaustion, and self-efficacy, as well as with psychological health. Moreover, three burnout dimensions were found to be significantly linked to psychological health in the way we had predicted. Regression analysis indicated the moderating role of resilience on psychological health in emotionally exhausting situations. We conclude that the psychological characteristic resilience moderated the effect of emotional exhaustion on the psychological health of the students. The practical implications of the results are discussed in order to introduce measures for the proper training of nursing students for professional practice; we also make several suggestions for future research in this field.  相似文献   

Parent and teacher satisfaction with school‐based psychological reports          下载免费PDF全文

Stephanie A. Rahill 《Psychology in the schools》2018,55(6):693-706

School psychologists spend a great deal of time translating assessment results into a psychoeducational report. The importance of creating reports that are both useful and understandable to the readers of the report while also being efficient for the school psychologist cannot be overstated. This study examines parent and teacher perceptions regarding the quality, understandability, and usefulness of school‐based psychological reports. Results of the surveys indicate that both parents and teachers perceive psychological reports as focusing more on tests and test scores as opposed to information that helps to understand the child or assists with intervention development. Strategies for upgrading reports to better meet the needs of parent and teacher readers are discussed.  相似文献   

企业合作创新的融资契约选择与控制权配置问题探讨:基于不完全契约的框架     

高艳慧 《科技管理研究》2018,(7)

对现有合作创新研究进行了回顾和总结,强调了合作创新的不完全契约本质。基于不完全契约框架,分析指出,控制权配置是影响合作创新的一个重要因素,而融资契约的选择不仅反映了企业的资金成本和融资风险,还会影响到利益的分配(即控制权的配置),进而提出了将融资契约选择与控制权配置相结合分析合作创新这一研究新思路。  相似文献   

Student Perceptions of the Use of Writing in a Differential Equations Course     

Lauren DeDieu  Miroslav Lovric 《PRIMUS》2018,28(2):166-185

The use of writing to learn mathematics at the university-level is a pedagogical tool that has been gaining momentum. The setting of this study is a second-year differential equations class where written assignments have been incorporated into the course. By analyzing survey results and students' written work, we examine the extent to which students view writing as an effective learning strategy, as well as their beliefs about the relationship between mathematical writing and communication. We also discuss what students' narratives reveal about their past mathematical experiences.  相似文献