Creativity development in preschoolers: The effects of children’s museum visits and other education environment factors     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2020

As one of the potential contextual factors for creativity development, children’s museum has been introduced to China from the western world in recent years, with the aim to offer a new informal educational environment to enhance children’s creativity. Based on experimental data for two groups of 4-year-old preschoolers (218 for the family mode and 202 for the preschool mode) from Beijing with an appropriately one-year long intervention (September 2017 to July 2018), this study examines the effect of regular visits to a children’s museum and other education environmental factors on young children’s creativity measured by Torrance’s Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement (TCAM) test. Results indicate that in terms of family visit, compared to the control group, the intervention that offers 18 times free tickets to visit a children’s museum significantly improved the experiment group’s originality (a sub-measure of creativity) by an additional 34.51 %. A beneficial effect of this intervention was also found in improving children’s fluency from the sample of preschool group visit (46.80 %). In addition, family education environment factors such as public preschool attendance, frequency of visits to science museums, and the degree of parents’ latitude were also found to positively affect creativity. Children’s personal features such as sex and geographic location of the family are also found to be related with children’s creativity.  相似文献   

Efficacy of using non-linear pedagogy to support attacking players’ individual learning objectives in elite-youth football: A randomised cross-over trial     

Simon J. Roberts  James R. Rudd  Matthew J. Reeves 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(11-12):1454-1464

ABSTRACT

The present study examined the efficacy of a coaching curriculum, based on non-linear pedagogy, on improving attacking players’ individual learning objectives (ILOs) in elite-youth football. Participants included 22 attacking players (i.e., centre-forwards, wide-players and attacking midfield players) from a professional football academy in England. The players were randomly appointed to both control (CON) and intervention (INT) periods following baseline measures. The INT (non-linear) and CON (linear) periods were both designed to support the ILOs provided to each player as part of the elite player performance plan. The study adopted a randomised cross-over design and ILOs considered important for attacking players (i.e., strong foot finishing, weak foot finishing, 1-v-1 and decision-making) were evaluated using the Loughborough Shooting Skill Test. The results showed significant differences for INT in 1-v-1 (P< 0.02) and decision-making (P< 0.01). However, there were no significant differences for strong foot finishing, weak foot finishing or time taken. These results support non-linear pedagogy in developing 1-v-1 game play and decision-making but not for technical shooting proficiency.  相似文献   

一种旧的新逻辑:实质归纳理论     

李帅 《科学技术哲学研究》2020,37(1):20-26

诺顿在古德曼和亨普尔等人的启发下,结合他的科学哲学研究背景,提出一种不同于他所定义的“形式归纳理论”的“实质归纳理论”,强调归纳的局部应用性,拒斥普遍的归纳推理模式。归纳推理的基础往往建立在具体领域的事实之上,因此所有的归纳推理都是局部的。诺顿认为归纳推理模式是由事实授权的,我们可以通过考察这些事实的可靠性来评估归纳风险。同时实质归纳理论不再区分归纳的事实部分和模式部分,所以不易受休谟问题的影响。但我们发现,诺顿的归纳辩护面临着亟待解决的问题,其理论也遭受多方面的批评。实质归纳理论是归纳逻辑领域的前沿性成果,引起了逻辑学界和科学哲学界的广泛关注,一定程度上体现了归纳逻辑的强劲生命力和广阔的发展前景。  相似文献   

新时代我国体育消费力提升研究     

孙威  王晓辉 《沈阳体育学院学报》2020,(3):49-55

当前我国体育消费力较弱,亟需通过研究提升体育消费力。运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,依据马克思消费力理论提出并解析了体育消费力的4要素及其现实情况:体育供给不到位导致消费品难以满足需求、居民收入不平衡限制消费者的支付能力、体育环境不规范阻滞良好消费氛围的形成、体育消费者不成熟拉低消费力的整体水平。体育消费力提升路径:以供给侧结构性改革为主线有效优化体育供给力,以拓宽人民增收渠道为手段动态平衡居民可支配收入,以完善市场化引导监督机制为动力合理规范体育社会环境,以强化消费者要素整合能力为抓手全面提升体育消费者成熟度。  相似文献   

Towards an expanded cognitive developmental science understanding of human teaching / Hacia un conocimiento ampliado de la enseñanza humana basada en la ciencia del desarrollo cognitivo     

Sidney Strauss 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2018,41(3):447-490

Teaching is one of nature’s remarkable inventions. Despite over two millennia of academic discussion about teaching, it remains in need of a broad scientific footing. The cognitive and developmental sciences, writ large, are candidates for such a footing. The purpose of this article is to go beyond teaching as knowledge transmission and present an expanded cognitive developmental account of teaching’s remarkable complexity. A minimalist and maximalist approach for describing teaching are presented, with a preference offered for the latter. It can serve as a map for backward engineering so as to get to the origins and developmental trajectories of the map of teaching’s components. An expanded mind-to-mind coupling version of the complexity of normative adult teaching is presented which includes stage-setting with emotion-, motivation- and mind-reading, organizing teaching sessions, scaffolding, detecting knowledge gaps and intervening by knowledge transmission strategies intended to reduce the gaps. In a backward engineering move, research is presented on infants’ abilities for some of what is presented for adults. Teaching is also prosocial, with heart-to-heart coupling. It is inextricably intertwined with teaching, and is another part of teaching’s complexity. Teaching’s prosociality is analysed via the economic concept of non-rivalry. It is shown that teaching is a form of helping behaviour but is not altruistic. Directions for further work in this maximalist approach to the scientific study of teaching are presented.  相似文献   

《中国普外基础与临床杂志》431篇疑似第三方代投稿件的特征分析     

罗云梅  蒲素清  李缨来  杜亮  胡川 《中国科技期刊研究》2018,29(5):431-435

【目的】 总结疑似第三方代投稿件的特征，提出防范策略。【方法】 提取《中国普外基础与临床杂志》自使用投稿与审稿系统至2017年7月31日投稿邮箱地址以tg、tgyx 及yxtg 结尾稿件的相关数据，并对稿件进行统计学分析。【结果】 共检索出相关稿件440篇，逐篇阅读稿件，综合各方面特征，最终将431篇稿件纳入统计学分析。分析结果表明：第三方代投形势严峻，在投稿时无针对性，广投、滥投；论文的著作权归属不明确，且投稿者联系电话归属地和单位所在地往往不一致。【结论】 编辑需不断提升自身素养，多角度查证疑似第三方代投稿件。  相似文献   

Fractional order sliding mode control of a pneumatic position servo system     

Hai-Peng Ren  Xuan Wang  Jun-Tao Fan  Okyay Kaynak 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2019,356(12):6160-6174

Gas flow has fractional order dynamics; therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the pneumatic systems with a proportional valve to regulate gas flow have fractional order dynamics as well. There is a hypothesis that the fractional order control has better control performance for this inherent fractional order system, although the model used for fractional controller design is integer order. To test this hypothesis, a fractional order sliding mode controller is proposed to control the pneumatic position servo system, which is based on the exponential reaching law. In this method, the fractional order derivative is introduced into the sliding mode surface. The stability of the controller is proven using Lyapunov theorem. Since the pressure sensor is not required, the control system configuration is simple and inexpensive. The experimental results presented indicate the proposed method has better control performance than the fractional order proportional integral derivative (FPID) controller and some conventional integral order control methods. Points to be noticed here are that the fractional order sliding mode control is superior to the integral order sliding mode counterpart, and the FPID is superior to the corresponding integral order PID, both with optimal parameters. Among all the methods compared, the proposed method achieves the highest tracking accuracy. Moreover, the proposed controller has less chattering in the manipulated variable, the energy consumption of the controller is therefore substantially reduced.  相似文献   

From Pleasure Rows and Plashing Sculls to Amateur Oarswomanship: The Evolution of Women’s Amateur Rowing in Britain     

Lisa Taylor 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(14):1490-1506

Abstract

This paper considers the emergence of amateur women’s rowing between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in light of contemporaneous social norms relating to gender and sport. It does not seek to identify a foundational point for women’s rowing, nor does it offer a comprehensive survey of the development of the sport over this period. Instead, it considers women’s rowing in three key contexts: women’s university colleges, at the end of the nineteenth century; the first women-only rowing club on the Thames, established in 1896 by Dr Frederick Furnivall; and the formation of a governing body for the women’s sport in 1923. Analysis of the conditions within the sport in these environments, and their implications, leads to more nuanced consideration of the women’s sport, and of gender as a normative social construct more widely. Discussion focuses on gendered influences on sporting behaviour, manifested in institutional regulation and hegemonic authority, and the intersection of class and gender.  相似文献   

Decentralized adaptive fault tolerant control for a class of interconnected systems with nonlinear multisource disturbances     

Zheng Wang  Bo Zhang  Jianping Yuan 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(11):4493-4514

In this paper, a decentralized adaptive backstepping control scheme is proposed for a class of interconnected systems with nonlinear multisource disturbances and actuator faults. The nonlinear multisource disturbances comprise of two parts: one is the time-varying parameterized uncertainty; the other is the dynamic unexpected signal formulated by a nonlinear exogenous system. For each subsystem, the disturbances are compensated by an adaptive controller based on several dynamic signals and the bound estimation approach. Moreover, the effect of the actuator faults is tackled in spite of the fact that the faults may change in different cases infinite times. Meanwhile, through several smooth functions, the interactions among the subsystems are successfully disposed. As a result, the tracking errors can converge to an arbitrarily small value by choosing the design parameters appropriately. The proof of the closed-loop system stability is completed. Several illustrative examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.  相似文献   

Using the Blended Learning Approach in a Quantitative Literacy Course     

Ryan T. Botts  Lori Carter 《PRIMUS》2018,28(3):236-265

The efforts to improve the quantitative reasoning (quantitative literacy) skills of college students in the United States have been gaining momentum in recent years. At the same time, the blended learning approach to course delivery has gained in popularity, promising better learning with flexible modalities and pace. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study that compares student learning outcomes and student attitudes over several semesters of blended versus traditional delivery in the upper-division quantitative literacy course at Point Loma Nazarene University.  相似文献