Development and reliability of the KIM cycling scale – a measurement tool for the development process to cycling independently     

Jennifer Kavanagh  Kieran Moran  Johann Issartel 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2020,25(2):174-187

ABSTRACT

Background: Cycling has gained more attention as an important lifelong physical activity. Learning to cycle independently without assistance is a milestone for most children that requires time and practice to master. Cycling was recently added to the motor development model and so a valid and reliable measure of cycling ability is required to allow accurate assessment of the skill. Cycling has many health benefits along with being a commonly reported physical activity globally and therefore is an important skill to promote in early childhood and throughout life. To date, there are no measurement tools examining the developmental process to independent cycling in the early childhood years. The current study aimed to develop and assess the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the ‘KIM Cycling Scale’.

Methods: Development of the scale occurred in four phases: (1) development of criteria and stages, which used observation of children when learning to cycle and expert panels to develop the initial developmental stages, (2) review of instructions and criteria and pilot inter-rater and test-retest reliability, to ensure that the scale could be used as a standalone scale without requiring further instructions (3) cycling intervention, which allowed assessment of the developmental nature of children along the scale as they learn to cycle independently and to assess typical and alternate routes to independent cycling and (4) inter-rater and test-retest reliability.

Results: Ninety children took part in phase 1, thirty-six children took part in phase 2, seventy-four children took part in phase 3 and one hundred and forty-nine children took part in phase 4. All three hundred and forty-nine children were between 2 and 6 years. The developed scale included eight stages in total. The scale was found to have excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC?=?0.97, 95% CI?=?0.96–0.98) and good to excellent test-retest reliability [(ICC?=?0.91, 95% CI?=?0.87–0.94) & (ICC?=?0.90, 95% CI?=?0.85–0.93)]. Typical routes to independent cycling along the scale were examined and reported as being step-wise on all occasions except one where a two stage jump was as common as the step-wise route. Alternate routes were also reported.

Conclusion: The current study developed a reliable measurement tool for assessing children between 2 and 6 years of age on the developmental process to independent cycling. Having a cycling scale will allow teachers and practitioners to assess competence in cycling and moreover, track changes in skill development. Furthermore, parents could also use the scale to better understand and better asses their child’s progression when learning to cycle.  相似文献   

Factorial and convergent validity of the Exercise Identity Scale in a German adult sample     

Fabienne Ennigkeit  Frank Hänsel 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2018,22(4):343-355

The purpose of the present study was to examine the factorial and convergent validity of the German translation of the Exercise Identity Scale (EIS; Anderson & Cychosz, 1994). We introduce a bifactor model as a possible alternative to the previously discussed one- and two-factor models. Using an online study with 530 participants, our results suggest that the EIS should be considered a unidimensional measure. For this one-factor model, temporal invariance (time interval: 2 weeks) and invariance between men and women could be established. Relations to similar constructs were in the expected directions. We provide a psychometrically sound German version of the EIS, which demonstrated factorial and convergent validity in this study. The use of the scale in German samples is likely to advance research on exercise adoption and maintenance by integrating the exercise identity construct.  相似文献   

基于共词聚类与可视化的开放式创新国外研究热点与主题分析     

孙冰  康敏  毛鸿影 《现代情报》2018,38(9):122-131

作为推进经济全球化的重要模式之一，开放式创新正在成为众多学者关注的新领域。对开放式创新国外研究热点与主题进行分析，有助于学者们了解其研究的发展趋势，探寻未来的研究切入点。基于开放式创新领域的可视化图谱，从网络结构特征入手对该领域的国外相关文献进行指标测度与分析，识别出领域内的研究热点，并运用凝聚子群分析法和多维尺度分析法实现对该领域研究热点主题的探究和聚类验证，进而对各热点主题进行分析。  相似文献   

基于科研人员需求的文献检索质量量表构建     

李雅  鲁玉妙  张歆杰  净玲娣 《科技管理研究》2018,(8)

文献检索质量是科研工作者和图书馆员共同关注的重要问题,但至今未见其简便易行的理想评价方法。在全面性、系统性、准确性、一致性、简明性、可操作性、可控性和目标性原则基础上构建文献检索质量评价量表并进行信度和效度分析检验,结果显示:量表信度指数Cronbach’sα系数为0.925;文献检索知识评价、文献检索过程评价、文献检索结果评价、信息利用程度等准则层Cronbach’sα分别为0.751、0.814、0.840和0.830,综合评分与准则层相关系数为0.5~0.9;通过因子分析确定因子载荷大于0.5的28个指标,累计方差贡献率达到了71.06%,通过信度、效度检验。该指标体系通过相关检验并得到优化,为科研中评价文献信息检索分析提供依据。  相似文献   

Administrative and structural changes in student evaluations of teaching and their effects on overall instructor scores     

Nina Zipser 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2018,43(6):995-1008

Using nine years of student evaluation of teaching (SET) data from a large US research university, we examine whether changes to the SET instrument have a substantial impact on overall instructor scores. Our study exploits four distinct natural experiments that arose when the SET instrument was changed. To maximise power, we compare the same course/instructor before and after each of the four changes occurred. We find that switching from in-class, paper course evaluations to online evaluations generates an average change of ?0.14 points on a five-point scale, or 0.25 standard deviations (SDs) in the overall instructor ratings. Changing labelling of the scale and the wording of the overall instructor question generates another decrease in the average rating: ?0.15 of a point (0.27 SDs). In contrast, extending the evaluation period to include the final examination and offering an incentive (early grade release) for completing the evaluations do not have a statistically significant effect on the overall instructor rating. The cumulative impact of these individual changes is ?0.29 points (0.52 SDs). This large decrease shows that SET scores are not comparable over time when instruments change. Therefore, administrators should measure and account for such changes when using historical benchmarks for evaluative purposes (e.g. appointments and compensation).  相似文献   

制造企业服务化现状的影响因素检验          下载免费PDF全文

肖挺  黄先明 《科研管理》2018,39(2):108-116

我国制造企业正逐步从纯产品制造向专项提供“产品+服务”的组合，即进行服务化创新。本文通过对东中部若干省样本企业的调查研究分析影响企业服务化的因素，研究表明企业规模与服务化程度之间存在“倒U型”的关系，中等规模的企业最倾向于选择高度服务化。此外，服务化也和企业产品的工艺性、复杂性正相关，而企业创新能力越强则企业涉足服务化程度越深入，地区差异并不会对服务化水平产生实质性的影响，研究指出企业以及社会各界应当如技术创新一样重视服务化的作用。  相似文献   

The impact of workplace information literacy on organizational innovation: An empirical study     

《International Journal of Information Management》2020

The present study investigates the relationship between CEO’s information literacy and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Even if information literacy’s business value has been recognized in recent literature, its impact on organizational innovation, a critical and strongly information intensive process, has never been studied before. Structural equation modeling based analysis of data collected from 184 company CEOs in Finland revealed that CEOs’ information literacy has a positive impact on the development of exploratory and exploitative innovations in SMEs. Additionally, opportunity recognition mediates the relationship between information literacy and innovation. Overall, the influence of information literacy is slightly stronger on exploitation than exploration. Nevertheless, the mutual positive effect suggests that information literacy enhances innovation ambidexterity in organizations. Based on these findings, we discuss theoretical and practical implications as well as future research opportunities in workplace information literacy research.  相似文献   

试论大中型企业技术创新战略及其解决方案   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐光磊  陈自力 《科研管理》2005,26(3):104-110

本文简要总结了技术创新对企业经营和发展的重要性，分析了大中型企业在我国企业技术创新工作中的地位和作用。作者认为大中型企业，特别是国家重点企业，应当是我国企业技术创新的“中坚力量”，责无旁贷地承担着通过技术创新的手段，提高企业竞争力，进而提高产业和国家竞争力的历史重任。但是，目前我国许多大中型企业技术创新工作仍然存在着许多关键问题需要解决。本文对这些问题进行了详细的归纳和总结，认为企业技术创新工作需要克服“短视行为”、加强对技术创新规律的认识、加深对目前我国企业技术创新初试条件的理解、完善技术创新战略的内容、优化技术创新实施工作机制。为了解决上述问题，作者提出了我国大中型企业技术创新战略的系统解决方案模型，认为企业技术创新战略必须结合企业的总体发展战略，依据企业的技术创新能力等内部因素和企业的技术发展机会、产品市场机会等外部因素的认识和总结，确定企业技术创新战略的相关内容。同时，为保证企业技术创新战略的顺利实施和最终效果，必须有相应的技术创新体系、运行机制和保障措施。最后，企业在制订和实施技术创新战略时，需要重点围绕技术选择、组织体系建设、科技人员的激励等开展工作，以此带动企业技术创新的突破和发展，形成具有可操作性的解决方案，并提出了技术选择、组织体系建设和科技人员激励的模型。  相似文献   

分类标引质量现状和改善措施     

蒋歆 《现代情报》2006,26(11):146-147,151

从分类标引方法，分类标引专指度、完全度、协调度、一致性和差错率等几个方面叙述了分类标引存在的问题，并提出了改善措施。  相似文献   

竖向电渣压力焊施工操作方法特点     

王作俊 《中国科技信息》2006,(7):137-138

竖向电渣压力焊是一种综合效益极好的技术,具有焊接工艺操作简单、速度快、成本低等特点,应在多层和高层框架结构竖向钢筋连接中大力推行.  相似文献