Covid-19: Emerging Considerations for Body Sourcing and Handling. A Perspective View from Nigeria     

Izuchukwu Azuka Okafor  Terkuma Chia 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(2):154-162

The current Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has spread to about 220 countries of the world and has resulted in a significant number of deaths globally. Infections are still on the rise, and the impact on the global death rate could be devastating. There are fears over the likely impact of a large number of deaths on body sourcing and handling of cadavers for teaching and research. Historically, epidemics come with several challenges and have often led to some level of negligence of ethical practices and health and safety regulations associated with body sourcing and handling. The authors highlighted some emerging problems in this article, focusing on Africa and Nigeria in particular. These problems include a higher risk of coronavirus exposure for body handlers, shortage of cadavers for teaching and learning, a lack of standard regulations leading to unethical body sourcing and handling, and a lack of monitoring and collaboration needed for a well-coordinated Covid-19 pandemic response strategy. If these issues are ignored, the previous gains made in anatomical ethical practices may be destroyed. Some useful recommendations for policymaking geared toward prevention or curtailing these emerging issues have been instilled in this article.  相似文献   

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education     

Geoffroy P.J.C. Noël  Joseph Dubé  Gabriel Venne 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(5):675-681

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.  相似文献   

Ethical control of innovation in a globalized and liberal world: Is good science still science?     

《Endeavour》2019,43(4):100709

The independence of science was long seen as of prime importance. This position has become less common today. The perception of scientific research as a public service has led to the opinion that it must be accountable to citizens and produce knowledge and innovation that meet their expectations. Numerous authors have voiced the need for anticipatory ethical control of innovation focusing on the scientific research process. This control is considered as the must-have guarantee for “good science.” The current article attempts to trace the ideological origins of the ethical control of innovation, examines its effectiveness against the challenge of globalization and technology-derived major threats and its compatibility with scientific methodology. It also suggests ways to both regulate the innovation process and preserve the independence of science. On the whole, we conclude that truly effective ethical regulation of innovation, i.e. one that protects the greatest number from its adverse effects, is achieved first and foremost by questioning our liberal economic model and the place given to science in our societies.  相似文献   

服务于乡村治理的民间武术组织转化路径研究     

张望龙 《河北体育学院学报》2020,34(5):86-90

自治、法治、德治“三治合一”的乡村治理体系，为探索民间武术组织服务于乡村治理提供了新思路。在传统社会，民间武术组织以武德传承强化乡村德治机制，以门规戒约规范乡村法治秩序，以家长制参与乡村自治实践。而进入现代社会，民间武术组织服务于乡村治理面临着传统德治弱化、法治建设不完善、参与自治机制不健全三方面的困境。提出，民间武术组织要建立新的道德体系，营造乡村治理的德治氛围；加强组织治理，强化乡村治理的法治理念；深化自治实践，主动承担乡村治理职责功能，旨在为更好促进民间武术组织有效治理、推动乡村发展提供参考。  相似文献   

法庭科学领域科研伦理建设          下载免费PDF全文

彭斯璐  赵兴春  权养科 《科研管理》2019,40(9):277-281

法庭科学作为特殊的应用性科学，其研究和应用中时有涉及伦理问题，但目前中国尚缺乏法庭科学中科研伦理和行为规范问题的研究，相关伦理审查机构和审查规章仍是空白。从当前法庭科学科研伦理实践出发，针对职业伦理规范建设不足、科研伦理监管缺位以及法庭科学职业特色与伦理要求的冲突进行分析，为法庭科学研究科研伦理管理提出可参考的建议。  相似文献   

学校体育伦理属性的人性逻辑确认     

汪全先  王健 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(7):77-83

学校体育是否具有伦理属性是能否以伦理介入学校体育理论与实践的前提，对其确认与把握将为学校体育伦理研究提供内在依据与理论凭借。学校体育活动开展的任何一个环节、过程都离不开人性取向的判断，人性假设是学校体育理论与实践的逻辑前提。伦理道德孕育于人的需要，而人的需要即人性或人的本性的折射，那么人性中必然内蕴着伦理道德，由此可以推断，人性内在必然具有伦理属性。按照事物推演的逻辑，既然人性内在具有伦理属性，而人性假设已经被确证是学校体育理论与实践的逻辑前提，可以确认学校体育内在必然具有伦理属性。伦理属性在学校体育中主要体现为：学校体育相关主体之间存在实质伦理关系，学校体育终极目标具有伦理蕴意，学校体育实践需要伦理的规范与约束。依据人性逻辑对学校体育伦理属性的确认与探索，既有利于明晰学校体育的伦理内涵，也有利于丰富学校体育伦理的研究体系。  相似文献   

A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource     

Thomas H. Champney 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(4):432-434

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.  相似文献   

科技期刊诚信危机治理的制度规范与伦理建设     

谢文亮 《中国科技期刊研究》2018,29(7):657-663

【目的】 研究科技期刊诚信危机的治理方法，为解决我国科技期刊诚信危机提供借鉴。【方法】 通过文献分析，对科技期刊诚信危机进行界定，并总结科技期刊诚信危机发生的深层原因，在此基础上，提出解决诚信危机的策略。【结果】 出版制度不健全、学术评价体系不科学，以及科技期刊出版从业人员职业道德缺失等，导致了科技期刊诚信危机。可从制度规范与伦理建设两方面对诚信危机进行治理，包括完善出版法律法规和学术评价体系，推动行业伦理规约建设以及出版人员职业道德建设。【结论】 加强科技期刊制度规范与伦理建设，可在一定程度上治理科技期刊的诚信危机。  相似文献   

Between Policy and Practice: Archival Descriptions,Digital Returns and a Place for Coalescing Narratives     

Sharon Huebner  Stella Marr 《档案与原稿》2019,47(1):113-130

ABSTRACT

The Strathfieldsaye Estate collection at the University of Melbourne Archives is discussed in relation to recognising, protecting and reclaiming Koori (First Peoples of southeast Australia) heritage. The settler collection includes early 1900s photographs of Koori people within two distinct albums – a family album that includes a series of studio portraits of Koori adults and children, and an album depicting Koori families on Ramahyuck Aboriginal Mission Station. In the past, these albums have been defined by, and limited to, traditional archiving practices excluding Koori interpretation, authorship and social context. Restoring Koori ownership and authorship of intangible heritage plays a large part in consolidating ancestor photographs with Koori perspectives of identity and culture.  相似文献   

技术伦理研究范式演化的知识图谱     

侯剑华  周莉娟 《科技管理研究》2018,(12)

为充分了解前沿技术对技术伦理研究范式演化路径的推动作用,在Web of Science平台检索国际技术伦理研究领域相关文献,根据文献逐年分布情况,运用CiteSpace信息可视化软件绘制3个阶段的文献共被引网络知识图谱,在聚类分析的基础上展现国际技术伦理研究主题的演化路径:根据库恩范式转换理论,国际技术伦理的发展经历了从无统一范式的前科学时期到具体技术领域的伦理研究范式的常规科学时期,并从"一般意义的技术的伦理思考范式""单一技术领域伦理研究范式"向"多元技术领域伦理研究范式"转换。通过可视化分析,以期及时、准确把握国际技术伦理研究动态,促进中国技术伦理研究健康、持续发展。  相似文献