Rates and psychological effects of exposure to family violence among Sri Lankan university students     

Haj-Yahia MM  de Zoysa P 《Child abuse & neglect》2008,32(10):994-1002

  相似文献   

提高学术知识库的互操作性     

Jeroen  Bekaert  Herbert  Van  de  Sompel  林颖 《图书情报工作动态》2006,(10):15-20

2006年4月20-21日，微软公司、美国梅隆基金会、网络信息联盟、数字图书馆联盟以及英国联合信息系统委员会在美国纽约共同主办了一次关于促进学术知识库间互操作性的会议。  相似文献   

Nonverbatim captioning in Dutch television programs: a text linguistic approach     

Schilperoord J  de Groot V  van Son N 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2005,10(4):402-416

In the Netherlands, as in most other European countries, closed captions for the deaf summarize texts rather than render them verbatim. Caption editors argue that in this way television viewers have enough time to both read the text and watch the program. They also claim that the meaning of the original message is properly conveyed. However, many deaf people demand verbatim subtitles so that they have full access to all original information. They claim that vital information is withheld from them as a result of the summarizing process. Linguistic research was conducted in order (a) to identify the type of information that is left out of captioned texts and (b) to determine the effects of nonverbatim captioning on the meaning of the text. The differences between spoken and captioned texts were analyzed on the basis of on a model of coherence relations in discourse. One prominent finding is that summarizing affects coherence relations, making them less explicit and altering the implied meaning.  相似文献   

Language and theory of mind: a study of deaf children     

Schick B  de Villiers P  de Villiers J  Hoffmeister R 《Child development》2007,78(2):376-396

Theory-of-mind (ToM) abilities were studied in 176 deaf children aged 3 years 11 months to 8 years 3 months who use either American Sign Language (ASL) or oral English, with hearing parents or deaf parents. A battery of tasks tapping understanding of false belief and knowledge state and language skills, ASL or English, was given to each child. There was a significant delay on ToM tasks in deaf children of hearing parents, who typically demonstrate language delays, regardless of whether they used spoken English or ASL. In contrast, deaf children from deaf families performed identically to same-aged hearing controls (N=42). Both vocabulary and understanding syntactic complements were significant independent predictors of success on verbal and low-verbal ToM tasks.  相似文献   

GaIN (Georgia Interactive Network for Medical Information) study on health professionals' search requests and continuing education needs     

LaBeause J  Van de Water N  Carey P  Fielder M  Sorrow B  Woolbright C 《Medical reference services quarterly》1999,18(2):81-89

Health sciences librarians are being called upon to be more proactive in their institutions' continuing education efforts. In an effort to identify whether search requests indicated CE needs, a study was conducted by a group of members of GaIN (Georgia Interactive Network for Medical Information). MEDLINE requests from health care professionals for subject specific clinical topics were collected during a six-month period via a standard search request form created for the study. Copies of all completed requests were collected and broad ICD-9 codes assigned to the search topics. Institutional reports were generated for each participating library to share with hospital CE coordinators. They were also compiled for the group as a whole, and reflected the "hottest" topics requested during the study period for physicians and for non-physicians (nurses, allied health, administrators). A survey to hospital librarians and CE educators showed some value in the reports, but greater potential for further collaboration between librarians and CE coordinators.  相似文献   

Using a journal availability study to improve access     

Shaw-Kokot J  de la Varre C 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》2001,89(1):21-28

PURPOSE: Identify journal collection access and use factors. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Health Sciences Library patrons. METHODOLOGY: Survey forms and user interactions were monitored once a week for twelve weeks during the fall 1997 semester. The project was based on a 1989 New Mexico State University study and used Kantor's Branching Analysis to measure responses. RESULT: 80% of reported sought journal articles were found successfully. Along with journal usage data, the library obtained demographic and behavioral information. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Journals are the library's most used resource and, even as more electronic journals are offered, print journals continue to make up the majority of the collection. Several factors highlighted the need to study journal availability. User groups indicated that finding journals was problematic, and internal statistics showed people requesting interlibrary loans for owned items. The study looked at success rates, time, and ease of finding journals. A variety of reasons contributed to not finding journals. While overall user reports indicated relatively high success rate and satisfaction, there were problems to be addressed. As the library proceeds in redesigning both the physical space and electronic presence, the collected data have provided valuable direction.  相似文献   

未来10年为了可持续发展的地质科学     

E.F.J.de MuIder  U.G.Cordani  韩再生 《中国地质教育》1999,(3)

一、地质科学和环境 地质科学家进入环境领域相对较晚,在这一领域,工程师、地理学家、生物学家、气象学家、海洋学家和一些其它学科的科学家领先于他们。这已经对地质科学家在某些主要的应用科学团体和研究项目的地位和需  相似文献   

“特等射手”补声怀     

苦中乐  刘汉平 《新闻知识》1990,(3)

80304部队的干部战士,都管宣传处新闻报道员补声怀同志叫“特等射手”。可不。补声怀当新闻报道员仅一年多,就在电台、电视台、报刊上稿280多篇,其中全国、全军性报刊上稿80多篇。现在,有9家报刊社聘请他为特约记者、特约通讯员。最近,部队党委给他记了三等功。补声怀两年前还是一名卫校学员。搞新闻报道时间不长却取得成绩不小,用他自己的话说,就是“全凭的三个‘闲不住’”,即闲不住的脑袋,闲不住的腿,闲不住的手。电台、电视台的新闻节目,他坚持每  相似文献   

Cognitive and environmental predictors of early literacy skills     

Davidse NJ  de Jong MT  Bus AG  Huijbregts SC  Swaab H 《Reading and writing》2011,24(4):395-412

Not all young children benefit from book exposure in preschool age. It is claimed that the ability to hold information in mind (short-term memory), to ignore distraction (inhibition), and to focus attention and stay focused (sustained attention) may have a moderating effect on children’s reactions to the home literacy environment. In a group of 228 junior kindergarten children with a native Dutch background, with a mean age of 54.29 months (SD = 2.12 months), we explored therefore the relationship between book exposure, cognitive control and early literacy skills. Parents filled in a HLE questionnaire (book sharing frequency and an author recognition checklist as indicator of parental leisure reading habits), and children completed several tests in individual sessions with the researcher (a book-cover recognition test, PPVT, letter knowledge test, the subtests categories and patterns of the SON, and cognitive control measures namely digit span of the KABC, a peg tapping task and sustained attention of the ANT). Main findings were: (1) Children’s storybook knowledge mediated the relationship between home literacy environment and literacy skills. (2) Both vocabulary and letter knowledge were predicted by book exposure. (3) Short-term memory predicted vocabulary over and above book exposure. (4) None of the cognitive control mechanisms moderated the beneficial effects of book exposure.  相似文献   

The disease burden of childhood adversities in adults: a population-based study     

Cuijpers P  Smit F  Unger F  Stikkelbroek Y  Ten Have M  de Graaf R 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(11):937-945

Objectives

There is much evidence showing that childhood adversities have considerable effects on the mental and physical health of adults. It could be assumed therefore, that the disease burden of childhood adversities is high. It has not yet been examined, however, whether this is true.

Method

We used data of a large representative sample (N = 7,076) of the general population in the Netherlands. We calculated the disability weight (DW) for each respondent. The DW is a weight factor that reflects the severity of a disease or condition on a scale from 0 (perfect health) to 1 (equivalent to death). We used an algorithm based on the SF-6D to estimate DW. Because the DW indicates the proportion of a healthy life year that is reduced by the specific health state of the individual, it also possible to calculate the total number of years lost due to disability (YLD) in the population. We calculated the years lived with disability (YLD) for 9 different childhood adversities (in the areas of parental psychopathology; abuse and neglect; major life events), as well as for major categories of mental disorders and general medical disorders.

Results

All 9 adversities resulted in a significantly increased DW, except death of a parent before the age of 16. Adversities in the category of abuse and neglect are associated with the highest DWs (0.057), followed by parental psychopathology (0.031) and life events during childhood (0.012). All adversities (46.4% of the population reports one or more adversity) are associated with 20.7 YLD/1,000, which is more than all mental disorders together (12.9 YLD/1,000). The category of abuse/neglect has the highest YLD/1,000 (15.8), which is also higher than all mental disorders together. Adjustment for the presence of mental and general medical disorders resulted in comparable outcomes.

Conclusions

Childhood adversities are more important from a public health point of view than all common mental disorders together, and should be a priority for public health interventions.  相似文献