The Development of Measures of Individual Differences in Self-Regulatory Control and Their Relationship to Academic Performance     

Robert H. Cantwell  Phillip J. Moore 《Contemporary educational psychology》1996,21(4):500-517

Two studies are reported describing the development and validation of the Strategic Flexibility Questionnaire (SFQ): a self-report instrument aimed at eliciting students’ beliefs about the need for, and conditional nature of, self-regulatory control over learning. In Study 1, 281 first-year university education students completed a 40-item pilot questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses revealed a 21-item instrument indicating three types of control beliefs: adaptive executive control, inflexible executive control, and irresolute executive control. In Study 2, the predictive validity of these conceptions was tested against the academic performance of 105 third-year university education students. Results indicated that students reporting adaptive executive control beliefs were more successful academically, while those students reporting inflexible or irresolute control beliefs were significantly less successful academically.  相似文献   

Stimulant medication and reading performance: follow-up on sustained dose in ADHD boys with and without conduct disorders.     

S R Forness  J M Swanson  D P Cantwell  D Youpa  G L Hanna 《Journal of learning disabilities》1992,25(2):115-123

The study examined the sustained effects of methylphenidate on reading performance in a sample of 42 boys, aged 8 to 11, with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Two subgroups were formed based on the presence or absence of co-occurring conduct disorders. Subjects were selected on the basis of their positive response to methylphenidate as determined in a series of original medication trials (Forness, Cantwell, Swanson, Hanna, & Youpa, 1991). For the purpose of this study, subjects were placed on their optimal dose of medication for a 6-week period and then tested on measures of oral reading and reading comprehension equivalent to those used in the original trials, retested after a week without medication (placebo), then tested again the following week after return to medication. Only the subgroup with conduct disorders responded, and this response was limited to reading comprehension improvement in only those subjects who also demonstrated improvement in oral reading on original trials. No response differences were found between subjects with or without learning disabilities.  相似文献   

Faculty Perceptions of Students in Life and Physical Science Research Labs     

Claire P. Gonyo  Brendan Cantwell 《Innovative Higher Education》2015,40(4):317-329

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Starting the data conversation: informing data services at an academic health sciences library     

Kevin B. Read  Alisa Surkis  Catherine Larson  Aileen McCrillis  Alice Graff  Joey Nicholson  Juanchan Xu 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2015,103(3):131-135

Objective

The research obtained information to plan data-related products and services.

Methods

Biomedical researchers in an academic medical center were selected using purposive sampling and interviewed using open-ended questions based on a literature review. Interviews were conducted until saturation was achieved.

Results

Interview responses informed library planners about researchers’ key data issues.

Conclusions

This approach proved valuable for planning data management products and services and raising library visibility among clients in the research data realm.  相似文献   

Bohr and Wittgenstein on language and reality     

Alisa Bokulich 《Metascience》2014,23(1):79-82

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高性能夹芯结构的面板与芯材的黏合性能     

Yi-ou SHEN  Wesley CANTWELL  Yan LI 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2014,15(1):61-67

研究目的：通过准静态到动态的加载,研究以不锈钢点阵结构为芯材的夹芯结构的层间断裂韧性。创新要点：制备的夹芯结构不需要黏合剂,但是具有优异的面板-芯材界面性能;证明改良后的三点弯曲实验可用于研究夹芯结构在低速冲击下的界面性能。研究方法：采用改良后的三点弯曲实验（见图2）测试夹芯结构的面板芯材断裂韧性;采用低速冲击米测试夹芯结构的抗分层性能（见图5）和吸收能量性能（见图8）。重要结论：1．采用热压法制备的以碳纤维增强环氧树脂预浸料为面板,不锈钢点阵结构为芯材的夹芯结构不需要任何粘合剂;2．所得夹芯结构在受到准静态和动态三点弯曲加载时展现了优异的抗面板一芯材界面分层性能,断裂能达到5500J／m2;3．改良的三点弯曲实验可以用于测试低速冲击条件下夹芯结构的断裂性能。  相似文献   

From scraps to reams to mobile screens? An update on printing services in academic libraries     

Beth Ashmore  Sara E. Morris  Laureen Cantwell 《College & Undergraduate Libraries》2016,23(1):28-43

As a follow-up to their 2001/2002 study on printing services in academic libraries, the authors explore how the provision of printing services has changed over the last twelve years. This article explores how libraries are choosing to fund printing services as well as how technology, such as scanning and mobile devices, has changed the way printing services are provided. The results of the 2013 survey find a greater percentage of libraries are using a fee-based system for printing, and, while some technology is providing greater data and control for printing services, other technological advances are having unintended consequences for libraries’ printing infrastructure.  相似文献   

Object naming ability of adults with written language difficulties     

Alisa Cantwell  Hyla Rubin 《Annals of dyslexia》1992,42(1):179-195

Several studies have observed that school-aged, reading-disabled children have object-naming problems. In addition, significant positive relationships between object-naming ability and reading and spelling skills have been observed for this population. The co-occurrence of these problems has been explained by common underlying phonological deficiencies. Because written language problems can persist beyond the school-aged years, the purpose of this study was to examine object-naming ability and the relationship between object naming and written language of adults. Twenty-two adults, half with written language difficulties and half without, performed four tasks: object naming, object recognition, reading, and spelling. Significant positive relationships were obtained between object-naming ability and reading ability, object-naming ability and spelling performance, and reading and spelling performance. In addition to phonological deficiencies, the results indicated that adult poor readers and spellers lack knowledge of the orthographic structure of words. These findings suggest that problems underlying object naming and written language do not resolve with cognitive maturation or additional years of experience with language and should be addressed in the early school-aged years. This research was funded by Grant A2008 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to the second author.  相似文献   

Risk factors for the perpetration of child sexual abuse: a review and meta-analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Whitaker DJ  Le B  Karl Hanson R  Baker CK  McMahon PM  Ryan G  Klein A  Rice DD 《Child abuse & neglect》2008,32(5):529-548

OBJECTIVES: Since the late 1980s, there has been a strong theoretical focus on psychological and social influences of perpetration of child sexual abuse. This paper presents the results of a review and meta-analysis of studies examining risk factors for perpetration of child sexual abuse published since 1990. METHOD: Eighty-nine studies published between 1990 and April of 2003 were reviewed. Risk factors were classified into one of the following six broad categories: family factors, externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, social deficits, sexual problems, and attitudes/beliefs. Sex offenders against children (SOC) were compared to three comparison groups identified within the 89 studies: sex offenders who perpetrated against adults (SOA), non-sex offenders, and non-offenders with no history of criminal or sexual behavior problems. RESULTS: Results for the six major categories showed that SOC were not different from SOA (all d between -.02 and .14) other than showing lower externalizing behaviors (d=-.25). Sex offenders against children were somewhat different from non-sex offenders, especially with regard to sexual problems and attitudes (d=.83 and .51). Sex offenders against children showed substantial differences from non-offenders with medium sized effects in all six major categories (d's range from .39 to .58). CONCLUSION: Child sex offenders are different from non-sex offenders and non-offenders but not from sex offenders against adults. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that the presence of general risk factors may lead to a variety of negative behavioral outcomes, including the perpetration of child sexual offending. Family factors were strongly related to the perpetration of child sex offending (vs. non-sexual offending or non-offending) and may be valuable intervention points for interrupting the development of child sex offending, as well as other negative behaviors. Other potential points for intervention may focus on the development of appropriate social and emotional skills that contribute to sexual offending.  相似文献   

Vaginal inspection as it relates to child sexual abuse in girls under thirteen     

Hendrika B. Cantwell 《Child abuse & neglect》1983,7(2):171-176

Inclusion of vaginal inspection in all physical examinations resulted in doubling identification of cases of child sexual abuse. Forty-five of 247 girls under 13 years of age were admitted because sexual abuse had been reported. Of the 202 girls not suspected, 45 additional cases of sexual abuse were discovered by suspicious findings on vaginal inspection. The horizontal diameter of the vaginal opening exceeding 4 mm correlated in three of four instances with a confirming history for past sexual abuse. It is recommended that physical examination of young girls routinely include inspection of the vaginal opening. Pediatric caregivers need to teach themselves the parameters of the normal to protect those children who are suffering sexual abuse in their environment.  相似文献