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Arterial spin labelling (ASL) provides a potential method to non-invasively determine muscle blood flow and examine the impact of interventions such as supplementation and training. However, it's a method with intrinsically low signal, leading to limitations in accuracy and temporal resolution. To examine these limitations, the current study measured perfusion via ASL on three occasions in the rectus femoris of 10 healthy adults, during light and moderate exercise, over three different exercise durations. For data sampled over 9 min, light intensity exercise gave an average perfusion of 35.0 ± 5.1 ml/min.100g?1 with a coefficient of variation (COV) of 16% and single intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.67. For the moderate bout, perfusion was 51.3 ± 5.6 ml/min.100g?1 (COV 10%, ICC 0.82). When the same data were analyzed over 5 min 24 s, perfusion was 37.8 ± 11.13 (COV 30%, ICC 0.13) during light and 49.5 ± 8.8 ml/min.100g?1 (COV 18%, ICC 0.52) during moderate exercise. When sampling was reduced to 1 min 48 s, perfusion was 41.2 ± 13.7 (COV 33%, ICC 0.26) during light and 49.5 ± 13.6 ml/min.100g?1 (COV 28%, ICC 0.04) during moderate exercise. For 9 min a significant perfusion difference was found between the exercise intensities; however, this was not the case for sampling over 5 min 24 s or 1 min 48 s. Such findings illustrate the potential of ASL to non-invasively monitor muscle perfusion under steady-state conditions, but highlight that extended exercise protocols are necessary in order to generate date of sufficient reliability to be able to discriminate intervention dependent perfusion differences. 相似文献
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The present study examined associations between boys’ and girls’ self-reported psychological adjustment and a wide spectrum of peer-rated behaviours in the school context using a sample of 463 Estonian early adolescents (Mage = 12.90). Although girls had more internalised problems and boys more externalised problems, the associations between adolescents’ psychological adjustment and behaviour were not gender-specific. Among both boys and girls, hostility was positively associated not only with their peer-reported misbehaviour, but also with sociable behaviour and negatively with studiousness. Adolescents with negative self-esteem were perceived to exhibit high levels of self-centred competitive behaviour, misbehaviour and also sociable behaviour. Those with negative self-adequacy, on the contrary, were less likely to behave in a self-centred competitive and sociable manner. In general, the findings show that psychological maladjustment may appear not only in well-observed problematic behaviour but also in seemingly ordinary behaviour in school. 相似文献
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Anni Loukomies Dimitris Pnevmatikos Jari Lavonen Anna Spyrtou Reijo Byman Petros Kariotoglou Kalle Juuti 《Research in Science Education》2013,43(6):2517-2539
This study aimed to design a teaching sequence for science education that enabled lower secondary school students to enhance their motivation towards science. Further, it looked to examine the way the designed teaching sequence affected students with different motivational profiles. Industry site visits, with embodied theory-based motivational features were included as part of the designed teaching sequence. The sequence was implemented in Finland and Greece with 54 participants, 27 from each country. Quantitative data was collected using the Evaluation of Science Inquiry Activities Questionnaire, based on the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory but did not map the expected outcomes. Interviews, however, showed that students with different motivational profiles found aspects within the module that met their psychological needs as explained by Self-Determination Theory. The results offer a perspective to adolescents’ psychological needs along with some insights into how students mediate the way they value an activity in the context of science education. 相似文献
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Sinead T. J. McDonagh Lee J. Wylie Christopher Thompson Anni Vanhatalo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):15-29
AbstractThis article provides an overview of the current literature relating to the efficacy of dietary nitrate (NO3?) ingestion in altering aspects of cardiovascular and metabolic health and exercise capacity in healthy and diseased individuals. The consumption of NO3?-rich vegetables, such as spinach and beetroot, have been variously shown to promote nitric oxide bioavailability, reduce systemic blood pressure, enhance tissue blood flow, modulate muscle O2 utilisation and improve exercise tolerance both in normoxia and in hypoxia, as is commonly observed in a number of disease states. NO3? ingestion may, therefore, act as a natural means for augmenting performance and attenuating complications associated with limited O2 availability or transport, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies indicate that dietary NO3? might also augment intrinsic skeletal muscle contractility and improve the speed and power of muscle contraction. Moreover, several investigations suggest that NO3? supplementation may improve aspects of cognitive performance both at rest and during exercise. Collectively, these observations position NO3? as more than a putative ergogenic aid and suggest that increasing natural dietary NO3? intake may act as a prophylactic in countering the predations of senescence and certain cardiovascular-metabolic diseases. 相似文献
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Anni Loukomies Kalle Juuti Jari Lavonen 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):3015-3037
Pupils’ interest has been one of the major concerns in science education research because it can be seen as a gateway to more personalised forms of interest and motivation. However, methods to investigate situational interest in science teaching and learning are not broadly examined. This study compares the pupils’ observed situational interest and their expressed situational interest. One class of Finnish fourth-graders (N?=?22, age 9–10 years) participated in a heat transfer lesson. The lesson encompassed an interactive demonstration with a thermal camera, teacher-led discussions and the conduct and presentation of a collaborative inquiry task. Pupils expressed their interest levels (scale: 1?=?very boring, 5?=?very interesting) by using an electronic response system called a ‘clicker’. The measurement took place 15 times during the lesson, with 1 measurement being just a rehearsal. The lesson was video recorded, and visible aspects of interest at the measurement time points were analysed. Reported and observational data were compared. In most cases, the observations did not yield data compatible with the pupils’ own evaluations, indicating that most pupils’ expressed interest is not easily interpreted through observation of their facial expressions and behaviour. In general, the interest of the group as a whole seems to diminish during the lesson. We argue that in order to maintain and increase pupils’ interest, their evaluations should be taken into account in lesson planning. Video-based research might also be further enriched and validated by employing the participants’ own expressions. The clicker is a suitable means of collecting primary pupils’ experiences concerning their interest levels. 相似文献
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Jaak Jürimäe Kristel Võsoberg Anna-Liisa Tamm Katre Maasalu Liina Remmel Vallo Tillmann 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(7):867-873
Various inflammation parameters are increased with childhood obesity, but few comparable data are found in lean growing athletes. This study aims to characterize differences in 12 simultaneously measured inflammatory parameters between pubertal rhythmic gymnasts (RG) and untrained controls (UC), and to examine the relationship between body composition and inflammatory markers. Sixty 10–12-year-old girls were divided into RG (n?=?30) and UC (n?=?30). Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Leptin and 12 inflammatory parameters (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1α, IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and epidermal growth factor) were measured from fasting blood samples. No differences were seen in 12 inflammatory markers between studied groups. As expected, leptin (RG: 2.4?±?1.1; UC: 7.6?±?4.2?ng?ml?1) and FM (RG: 7.3?±?2.3; UC: 11.8?±?5.1?kg) were lower (p?<?.05) in RG compared to UC. In the whole group of lean pubertal girls, 69.0% of the variability in body FM was determined by leptin, and 11.2% of the variability in body FFM was explained by IFN-γ. In conclusion, measured 12 inflammatory biomarkers were not different between RG and UC, despite lower leptin and FM in RG. In lean pubertal girls, IFN-γ was independently associated with FFM, and leptin with FM. 相似文献
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Streaming data poses a variety of new and interesting challenges for information retrieval and text analysis. Unlike static
document collections, which are typically analyzed and indexed off-line to support ad-hoc queries, streaming data often must
be analyzed on the fly and acted on as the data passes through the analysis system. Speech is one example of streaming data
that is a challenge to exploit, yet has significant potential to provide value in a knowledge management system. We are specifically
interested in techniques that analyze streaming data and automatically find collateral information, or information that clarifies, expands, and generally enhances the value of the streaming data. We present a system that
analyzes a data stream and automatically finds documents related to the current topic of discussion in the data stream. Experimental
results show that the system generates result lists with an average precision at 10 hits of better than 60%. We also present
a hit-list re-ranking technique based on named entity analysis and automatic text categorization that can improve the search
results by 6%–12%. 相似文献
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Metsäpelto Riitta-Leena Poikkeus Anna-Maija Heikkilä Mirva Husu Jukka Laine Anu Lappalainen Kristiina Lähteenmäki Marko Mikkilä-Erdmann Mirjamaija Warinowski Anu Iiskala Tuike Hangelin Sanna Harmoinen Sari Holmström Anni Kyrö-Ämmälä Outi Lehesvuori Sami Mankki Ville Suvilehto Pirjo 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2022,34(2):143-172
Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - In the present study, we aimed to specify the key competence domains perceived to be critical for the teaching profession and depict them as... 相似文献
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GENDER MODERATES ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL‐BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AND TEXT COMPREHENSION IN CHILDREN WITH BOTH READING DIFFICULTIES AND ADHD 
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下载免费PDF全文 Quintino R. Mano Kristen E. Jastrowski Mano Carolyn A. Denton Jeffery N. Epstein Leanne Tamm 《Psychology in the schools》2017,54(5):504-518
Evidence suggests that higher order linguistic functioning such as text comprehension is particularly vulnerable to emotional modulation. Gender has been identified as an important moderating variable in emotional expression such that girls tend toward internalizing emotions (e.g., sadness, anxiety) whereas boys tend toward externalizing emotions (e.g., anger, combativeness), which may influence the relationship between emotion and text comprehension. The present study examined whether gender moderates the relationship between emotional‐behavioral problems and text comprehension among children (n = 187; boys = 115, girls = 72) with both word reading difficulties (RD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a sample widely acknowledged to be at increased risk for developing emotional‐behavioral problems such as anxiety, poor academic self‐concept, and delinquency. A moderated regression analysis tested for the significance of two separate interaction terms (i.e., gender × externalizing problems, gender × internalizing problems) after controlling for gender, IQ, basic reading skills, cognitive‐linguistic processes closely related to reading, attentional problems, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. Results indicated that gender significantly and uniquely moderates the relationship between emotional‐behavioral problems and text comprehension. Specifically, text comprehension was relatively lower among girls with relatively higher externalizing problems, whereas no such association was observed among boys. These results contribute to our understanding of cognition–emotion interactions within reading development and raise important implications. 相似文献