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In Pavlovian fear conditioning, context-mediated decrements in conditioned responding (e.g., the US preexposure effect) can
counteract competition between cues trained together (e.g., overshadowing). Two experiments were conducted using rats in a
conditioned lick suppression preparation to determine whether context-mediated competition also counteracts competition between
cues trained separately (retroactive interference, or RI). In Experiment 1, a combination of degraded contingency and RI treatments
produced less of a decrement in conditioned responding than did either of those treatments alone. Experiment 2 showed that
RI treatment attenuates the normally deleterious effect of trial massing. The results suggest that empirical similarities
are shared by interference between cues trained apart and competition between cues trained together. 相似文献
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Edwards TL Harper JC Polsky R Lopez DM Wheeler DR Allen AC Brozik SM 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(4):44115-4411514
Herein is described the fabrication and use of a plastic multilayer 3-channel microfluidic fixture. Multilayer devices were produced by laser machining of plastic polymethylmethacrylate and polyethyleneterapthalate laminates by ablation. The fixture consisted of an array of nine individually addressable gold or gold/ITO working electrodes, and a resistive platinum heating element. Laser machining of both the fluidic pathways in the plastic laminates, and the stencil masks used for thermal evaporation to form electrode regions on the plastic laminates, enabled rapid and inexpensive implementation of design changes. Electrochemiluminescence reactions in the fixture were achieved and monitored through ITO electrodes. Electroaddressable aryl diazonium chemistry was employed to selectively pattern gold electrodes for electrochemical multianalyte DNA detection from double stranded DNA (dsDNA) samples. Electrochemical detection of dsDNA was achieved by melting of dsDNA molecules in solution with the integrated heater, allowing detection of DNA sequences specific to breast and colorectal cancers with a non-specific binding control. Following detection, the array surface could be renewed via high temperature (95 °C) stripping using the integrated heating element. This versatile and simple method for prototyping devices shows potential for further development of highly integrated, multi-functional bioanalytical devices. 相似文献
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Miller PR Gittard SD Edwards TL Lopez DM Xiao X Wheeler DR Monteiro-Riviere NA Brozik SM Polsky R Narayan RJ 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(1):13415
In this study, carbon fiber electrodes were incorporated within a hollow microneedle array, which was fabricated using a digital micromirror device-based stereolithography instrument. Cell proliferation on the acrylate-based polymer used in microneedle fabrication was examined with human dermal fibroblasts and neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes. Studies involving full-thickness cadaveric porcine skin and trypan blue dye demonstrated that the hollow microneedles remained intact after puncturing the outermost layer of cadaveric porcine skin. The carbon fibers underwent chemical modification in order to enable detection of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid; electrochemical measurements were demonstrated using integrated electrode-hollow microneedle devices. 相似文献
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This article illustrates some ways in which observations of typically-developing infants can inform music therapy and other
work with children with disabilities. The research project that is described examines typical infant development with special
attention to musical relatedness and communication. Videotapes of sessions centering on musical play with typically-developing
infants and of music therapy sessions of children with multiple severe disabilities are examined in light of developmental
issues, conceptual frameworks, and relationships between typical development and developmental issues of children with disabilities.
Greenspan’s model of psychosocial development is used as a basis for analyzing observations.
This research was conducted over a period of several years. Portions of what is reported here were presented at the European
Music Therapy Congress, Naples, Italy (Wheeler and Stultz 2001) and the 10th World Congress of Music Therapy, Oxford, UK (Wheeler and Stultz 2002). Thanks to Elizabeth Rightmyer for very helpful feedback on the article. 相似文献
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Steve Wheeler Peter Yeomans Dawn Wheeler 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(6):987-995
This paper explores the potential for wiki‐type open architecture software to promote and support collaborative learning through the use of student‐created content. It delineates some of the affordances and constraints of wiki software as an open architecture that has the potential to facilitate collaborative learning through community‐focused enquiry. It seeks to promote debate in this key area of development, and highlights some recent key contributions to the developing discourse on social software in what has been termed ‘the architecture of participation’. 相似文献
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Deborah L. Wheeler 《Ethics and Information Technology》2006,8(3):131-142
This article uses the NetCorps Jordan project as a case study of the ways in which Information Technology transforms social and economic life at the grass roots. Particular attention is paid to the role of gender in shaping such processes. In the end, this essay explores the motivations, the hopes and the results of one Arab country’s IT4 D experiment using the narratives of the participants as a guide. It is clear from the analysis below that culture, context and gender play a significant role in who gets to do what with IT. 相似文献