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Barry J. Fraser Richard Pearse Azmi 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1982,28(3):337-355
Extensive research conducted in developed countries has established classroom learning environment as a thriving field of study. The present investigation makes a contribution to classroom environment research in that it involved the translation into Indonesian of scales previously available only in English, and the subsequent validation and use of these translated scales among Indonesian students. The new Indonesian instrument consists of nine seven-item scales based upon the Individualized Classroom Environment Questionnaire and the Classroom Environment Scale. Analyses of data collected from a sample of 373 Indonesian students from nine schools supported the new instrument's internal consistency, discriminant validity, ability to differentiate between classrooms, and predictive validity (i.e. ability to predict student outcomes). Potential applications of the new instruments in Indonesian classrooms are suggested.
Zusammenfassung Die in entwickelten Ländern durchgeführte umfassende Untersuchung beweist, daß die Klassenumwelt ein emporkommendes Untersuchungsfeld ist. Die jetztige Nachforschung trägt zur Klassenumweltsuntersuchung bei, insofern als Tabellen bis jetzt nur auf Englisch erhältlich waren und sie durch ihre Übersetzung ins Indonesische auf ihre nachfolgende Gültigkeit und Anwendung bei indonesischen Schülern untersucht wurden. Das neue indonesische Instrument besteht aus neun sieben-Punkte-Tabellen, die sich auf den Fragebogen bezüglich individualisierter Klassenumwelt (Individualized Classroom Environment Questionnaire) und auf die Klassenumweltstabelle (Classroom Environment Scale) stützen. Analysen von gesammelten Daten einer repräsentativen Auswahl von 373 indonesischen Schülern aus neun Schulen bestätigen die inhärente Folgerichtigkeit des neuen Instruments, seine Unterscheidungsgültigkeit, seine Fähigkeit zwischen Klassen zu differenzieren und seine Genauigkeit in der Vorhersage (d.h. die Fähigkeit, die Resultate der Schüler vorherzusagen). Die Untersuchung schlägt potentielle Anwendungen der neuen Instrumente in indonesischen Klassen vor.
Résumé La recherche approfondie qui a été menée dans les pays développés sur le milieu d'apprentissage qu'est la classe en a fait un champ d'étude florissant. La présente enquête apporte une contribution à la recherche sur le milieu scolaire en ce qu'elle introduit la traduction en indonésien d'échelles d'évaluation qui n'existaient jusqu'alors qu'en anglais, et qu'elle examine la validation ultérieure et l'application de ces échelles, une fois traduites, par les étudiants indonésiens. Le nouvel instrument indonésien consiste en neuf échelles de sept items basées sur le Questionnaire portant sur le milieu scolaire tel qu'il est vécu par chaque individu et sur l'Echelle du Milieu Scolaire. Les analyses des données recueillies auprès d'un échantillon représentatif de 373 étudiants indonésiens appartenant à neuf écoles différentes ont confirmé la valeur intrinsèque du nouvel instrument d'évaluation, sa justesse de discernement, sa capacité à différencier entre les classes, et l'exactitude de ses pronostics (c'est-à-dire la capacité à prédire les résultats des étudiants). Cette étude suggère différentes applications potentielles de ces nouveaux moyens d'évaluation dans les classes indonésiennes.相似文献
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Abstract The embedization of Islam in Malaysia has gone through a long and complex process that involved an interaction with three major world civilizations (Indian, Chinese and European) and two colonial systems (Dutch and British) during which many aspects of its practices were reconfigured. This paper provides a brief critical survey of the evolution of the said embedization process during which Islam and the Muslims in Malaysia were moulded by a series of sociological realities, namely plural society, secularism and modernity. This has resulted, we argue, in the creation of 'moderate' Islam in Malaysia, one that is quite different from the fundamentalist image of Islam profiled in the contemporary worldwide discourse on global Islam 相似文献
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Automated summaries help tackle the ever growing volume of information floating around. There are two broad categories: extract and abstract. In the former we retain the more important sentences more or less in their original structure, while the latter requires a fusion of multiple sentences and/or paraphrasing. This is a more challenging task than extract summaries. In this paper, we present a novel generic abstract summarizer for a single document in Arabic language. The system starts by segmenting the input text topic wise. Then, each textual segment is extractively summarized. Finally, we apply rule-based sentence reduction technique. The RST-based extractive summarizer is an enhanced version of the system in Azmi and Al-Thanyyan (2012). By controlling the size of the extract summary of each segment we can cap the size of the final abstractive summary. Both summarizers, the enhanced extractive and the abstractive, were evaluated. We tested our enhanced extractive summarizer on the same dataset in the aforementioned paper, using the measures recall, precision and Rouge. The results show noticeable improvement in the performance, specially the precision in shorter summaries. The abstractive summarizer was tested on a set of 150 documents, generating summaries of sizes 50%, 40%, 30% and 20% (of the original’s word count). The results were assessed by two human experts who graded them out of a maximum score of 5. The average score ranged between 4.53 and 1.92 for summaries at different granularities, with shorter summaries receiving the lower score. The experimental results are encouraging and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. 相似文献
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Education and Information Technologies - This study aims to enrich a theme in the science course in the distance education process with augmented reality-based applications and to examine the... 相似文献
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This article describes a group of Druze preschool and kindergarten teachers from Northern Israel who participated in an in-service
course in their community. The focus of the training experience was to improve the social climate of the classroom by implementing
a life-world approach. Analysis of their reports shows that the children’s meaningful learning, improved emotional coping
with ordinary hardships, and mutual social support are a product of intervention that involves multiple, interrelated activity
channels: staff collaboration, guided small group discussions, informal discussions, cooperation with parents and community
agents, and free play. Each activity channel is associated with a compatible, dominant, learning modality and a predominant
interpersonal process—free play, for example, is mainly associated with free inquiry and discourse among children, whereas
group activity is also likely to be associated with learning guided by educators. 相似文献
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