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Franziska Fischer Johannes Schult Benedikt Hell 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(2):529-543
School success is closely linked to intelligence but also to non-cognitive factors such as achievement motivation. The present study examines which non-cognitive factors predict secondary school grades and looks at reasons why female students tend to outperform their male counterparts. A sample of 554 German freshman students provided measures of general intelligence, achievement motivation, science course choice, self-efficacy, self-perceived academic achievement, and test anxiety. Results show that achievement motivation, self-perceived academic achievement, and sex significantly contribute to the final secondary school success above intelligence. Females’ advantage in final secondary school grades becomes even larger after controlling for general intelligence. This advantage can be explained by females’ higher achievement motivation. Showing more compensatory effort as well as self-control and taking more pride in their own productivity helps females to outperform their male counterparts at secondary school. 相似文献
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Benedikt Gasser 《Sportwissenschaft》2016,46(4):287-293
The aim of this study was to analyze differences in the rate of subjectively perceived exertion for half marathon runners versus ultramarathon runners measured with the Borg scale (6–20); therefore, 21 half marathon runners (mean age 34.3 ± 7.3 years, height 177 ± 7 cm and body weight 72 ± 8.1 kg) and 16 ultramarathon runners (39.8 years, 176.1 ± 7 cm and 69.1 ± 8.2 kg) participating in the Mountainman Race in Melchseefrutt (Obwalden, Switzerland) were asked to specify the perceived exertion with the Borg scale (6–20) for the first part of the race, the second part of the race and the total race. Half marathon runners and ultramarathon runners indicated values of 14.2 and 14.7, respectively for the first part of the race, which were in the same range measured with the Borg scale (6–20). A different pattern could be detected for the second part of the race with values of 16.3 for half marathon runners and 18.6 for ultramarathon runners. The rate of total perceived exertion was higher with 17.6 for ultramarathon runners versus 15.7 for half marathon runners, whereby differences between perceived exertion in the second part of the race and the total race in the ultramarathon did not show significant differences in contrast to the half marathon, where significant differences could be detected. These findings can be embedded in previously conducted analyses for a 100 km race indicating an exponential increase of stress parameters after 75 km (e.g. creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminases) resulting from an acute phase reaction. Parallel analyses of biological parameters (e.g. heart rate, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and transaminases) could give further hints concerning the principal validity of the Borg scale (6–20) for ultramarathon races. 相似文献
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Andrei L. Turinsky Elena Fanea Quang Trinh Stephen Wat Benedikt Hallgrímsson Xiaoli Dong Xueling Shu Julie N. Stromer Jonathan W. Hill Carol Edwards Brenda Grosenick Masumi Yajima Christoph W. Sensen 《Anatomical sciences education》2008,1(1):10-18
The authors have created a software system called the CAVEman, for the visual integration and exploration of heterogeneous anatomical and biomedical data. The CAVEman can be applied for both education and research tasks. The main component of the system is a three‐dimensional digital atlas of the adult male human anatomy, structured according to the nomenclature of Terminologia Anatomica. The underlying data‐indexing mechanism uses standard ontologies to map a range of biomedical data types onto the atlas. The CAVEman system is now used to visualize genetic processes in the context of the human anatomy and to facilitate visual exploration of the data. Through the use of Java? software, the atlas‐based system is portable to virtually any computer environment, including personal computers and workstations. Existing Java tools for biomedical data analysis have been incorporated into the system. The affordability of virtual‐reality installations has increased dramatically over the last several years. This creates new opportunities for educational scenarios that model important processes in a patient's body, including gene expression patterns, metabolic activity, the effects of interventions such as drug treatments, and eventually surgical simulations. Anat Sci Ed 1:10–18, 2008. © 2007 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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Elite sports are widely considered by national governments as a merit good through which many benefits to society as whole can be fostered through the stimulation of ‘national pride’ and ‘happiness’ (or ‘wellbeing’). The aim of this paper is to analyze what factors influence perceived national pride and happiness when athletes succeed at major national and/or international competitions. Based on a nation-wide survey, data was collected from n = 2006 randomly selected Germans by means of a computer assisted telephone interview. The results reveal that 66.2% respondents felt proud and 65.6% respondents were happy when German athletes were successful at major events. National pride and happiness were significantly explained through interest in elite sports, sport participation and socio-economic variables. The results reveal that there are differences between the perception of pride and that of happiness. Women, individuals with a low educational background, and low income and individuals having a migration background are the population segments who gain most from the sporting success of elite athletes. The results show in particular that the funding of elite sports and elite athletes can be considered as policy tool for social integration. 相似文献
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Andrea Beinicke Katja Pässler Benedikt Hell 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2014,14(2):181-198
The study investigates consequences of eliminating items showing gender-specific differential item functioning (DIF) on the psychometric structure of a standard RIASEC interest inventory. Holland’s hexagonal model was tested for structural invariance using a confirmatory methodological approach (confirmatory factor analysis and randomization tests of hypothesized order relations). Results suggest that eliminating items showing gender-specific DIF had no considerable influence on the instrument’s psychometric structure. Considering DIF as one possibility to improve test fairness when developing interest inventories is discussed. 相似文献
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Martin Keller Benedikt Lauber Marius Gottschalk Wolfgang Taube 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(10):1067-1075
Factors such as an external focus of attention (EF) and augmented feedback (AF) have been shown to improve performance. However, the efficacy of providing AF to enhance motor performance has never been compared with the effects of an EF or an internal focus of attention (IF). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify which of the three conditions (AF, EF or IF) leads to the highest performance in a countermovement jump (CMJ). Nineteen volunteers performed 12 series of 8 maximum CMJs. Changes in jump height between conditions and within the series were analysed. Jump heights differed between conditions (P < 0.001), resulting in best performance with AF (32.04 ± 7.11 cm), followed by EF (31.21 ± 6.67 cm) and IF (30.77 ± 6.87 cm). Significantly different (P < 0.001) within-series effects of higher jump heights at the end of the series in AF (+1.60%) and lower jump heights at the end of the series in EF (?1.79%) and IF (?1.68%) were observed. Muscle activity did not differ between conditions. The differences between conditions and within the series provide evidence that AF leads to higher performance and better progression within one series than EF and IF. Consequently, AF seems to outperform EF and IF when maximising jump height. 相似文献
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Janet K. Tworek Heather A. Jamniczky Christian Jacob Benedikt Hallgrímsson Bruce Wright 《Anatomical sciences education》2013,6(1):19-28
The increasing number of digital anatomy teaching software packages challenges anatomy educators on how to best integrate these tools for teaching and learning. Realistically, there exists a complex interplay of design, implementation, politics, and learning needs in the development and integration of software for education, each of which may be further amplified by the somewhat siloed roles of programmers, faculty, and students. LINDSAY Presenter is newly designed software that permits faculty and students to model and manipulate three‐dimensional anatomy presentations and images, while including embedded quizzes, links, and text‐based content. A validated tool measuring impact across pedagogy, resources, interactivity, freedom, granularity, and factors outside the immediate learning event was used in conjunction with observation, field notes, and focus groups to critically examine the impact of attitudes and perceptions of all stakeholders in the early implementation of LINDSAY Presenter before and after a three‐week trial period with the software. Results demonstrate that external, personal media usage, along with students' awareness of the need to apply anatomy to clinical professional situations drove expectations of LINDSAY Presenter. A focus on the software over learning, which can be expected during initial orientation, surprisingly remained after three weeks of use. The time‐intensive investment required to create learning content is a detractor from user‐generated content and may reflect the consumption nature of other forms of digital learning. Early excitement over new technologies needs to be tempered with clear understanding of what learning is afforded, and how these constructively support future application and integration into professional practice. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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Radio personalities or presenters are important to music radio stations, as their individual personalities influence if, how, and to what extent listeners want to interact with radio stations and presenters during programs. Both parasocial interaction with the presenter and flow experiences are believed to mediate the listener–presenter relationship. With this in mind, we conducted an experiment in which 236 German radio listeners aged 14 to 49 were asked to listen to the same radio show, but with varying presenters. Mediation analysis revealed notable effects of presenters’ personalities on listeners’ behavioral intentions. Both parasocial interaction and flow were found to be important mediators of the discovered effects. 相似文献
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