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Information asymmetry and information sharing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gavin Clarkson Trond E. Jacobsen Archer L. Batcheller 《Government Information Quarterly》2007,24(4):827
Although much digital divide research focuses on access to technology, another cause of the divide is the lack of information awareness that we call information asymmetry. Information asymmetry often stems from inadequate information sharing and can result in negative consequences for both the information poor and the information rich. Information asymmetry has been insufficiently studied as a possible cause of underdevelopment and inequality. In response, we develop a typology to classify information asymmetry into two categories, horizontal and vertical, and then identify those information sharing practices that cause the imbalance. To illustrate the negative consequences of information asymmetry and the potential benefits of information sharing, we discuss two examples from the experiences of modern American Indian tribes. First, Indian tribes face horizontal information asymmetry when they attempt to access the capital markets, and second, they face vertical information asymmetry in terms of law enforcement data sharing. This article also describes our ongoing examination of horizontal information sharing among tribes and vertical information sharing between tribes and others sovereigns in the American polity as possible solutions to the problems created by information asymmetry. These strategic responses are embodied in two information systems, the Tribal Financial Information Clearinghouse and an Intergovernmental Tracking System for sharing law enforcement data. We conclude with a discussion of how our typology can be more generally applied to other instances of information asymmetry. 相似文献
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Anja Skaar Jacobsen 《Science & Education》2006,15(7-8):739-760
This paper explores the relationship between H. C. Ørsted’s research and teaching programme in order to uncover the way he attempted to sustain a dynamical approach to science through his lectures and textbooks. The main focus is the relation between Ørsted’s didactics as presented in his textbooks and other documents, his pedagogic activity, and his theoretical ideas in natural philosophy.1 The paper further provides evidence of how Ørsted’s students appropriated his dynamical system, epistemology, and pedagogy. 相似文献
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Thinking aloud together: A teacher’s semiotic mediation of a whole-class conversation about percents
How does classroom interaction support students’ apprenticeship into the ways of speaking, writing, and diagramming that constitute the practice of mathematics? We address this problem through an interpretative analysis of a whole-group conversation about alternative ways of solving a problem involving percent discounts that occurred in a sixth grade classroom. This research study draws upon Dewey’s theory of inquiry, Vygotsky’s cultural–historical psychology, Freudenthal’s realistic mathematics education, and Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics (SFL). From Freudenthal, we borrow the notions of mathematizing and guided reinvention—the former notion offers a view of mathematics as an activity of structuring subject matter and the latter one provides insights into the processes whereby mathematizing is learned and taught in the classroom. We glean from Dewey his view of reflective thinking as inquiry and the role that conversations may serve therein. We rely upon Vygotsky’s notions of a verbal thinking plane and a social phase of learning in order to reconsider the function of whole-class interaction in apprenticing students into mathematizing. Finally, SFL provides us with tools for explaining the choices of grammar and vocabulary students and teachers make as they realize meanings in whole-group conversations. Treating the selected whole-class conversation as a text, we focus our analysis on how this text came to mean what it did. Our central questions are as follows: What meanings were realized in the whole-class conversation by teacher and students and how were these meanings realized? How did the teacher’s lexico-grammatical choices guide the students’ choices? In addressing these questions, we advance an interpretation of the conversation as paradigmatic of students and teacher thinking aloud together about percents. 相似文献
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Stephen F. Crouse J. James Rohack Dennis J. Jacobsen 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):393-401
Abstract To characterize hypertrophy and quantify seasonal changes in cardiac structure and function of women collegiate basketball (BB) athletes (n = 15), echocardiography (echo) measurements were made in the fall (FALL1), winter (WIN), and spring (SPR), then again during the subsequent fall (FALL2; n = 10). Comparisons were made to age-matched nonathletes (NA) measured during FALL1 (n = 22) and SPR (n = 5). Left ventricular (LV) internal dimension–diastole (LVIDd), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV), LV mass (LVM), septal thickness (IVS), LV posterior wall thickness (LVPW), right ventricular (RV) internal dimension-diastole (RVIDd), and aortic root diameter (AOD) were significantly larger (12–70%) in the athletes; RVIDd-, LVEDV-, SV-, and LVM-index were also significantly greater (8–46%). From FALL1 to SPR measurement periods, LVWd, RVWd, LVEDV, SV, IVS, and LVM-index increased significantly (7–18%) in the athletes. Over the same period of time, LVIDd, LAD, AOD, LVEDV, and SV measured in the five NA subjects increased significantly. In the athletes, LVIDs, RVIDd, IVS, LVPW, and LVM decreased significantly (5–30%) from the SPR to FALL2 measurement period. These data characterize the general nature of the cardiac hypertrophy noted in women BB athletes compared to NA controls and show that distinct changes in heart structure corresponding to different periods of the competitive season can occur in these athletes. 相似文献
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Betina Jacobsen 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2020,62(3):249-265
ABSTRACT
Background
The proportion of young people suffering from poor mental health is on the increase, including in Scandinavian countries. This increase seems paradoxical, as Scandinavian countries are among those with the lowest degree of material deprivation, economic inequality, and social exclusion. 相似文献7.
Patrícia Silva Betina Lopes Marco Costa Dina Seabra Ana I. Melo Elisabeth Brito Gonçalo Paiva Dias 《Higher Education》2016,72(6):703-721
This article aims to shed light on the current debate regarding the role of internships in higher education in graduates’ employability. In specific, it analyses empirical data on a large-scale study of Portuguese first-cycle study programmes, in order to explore indicators of the professional value of internships in the employability of higher education graduates. Results demonstrate that study programmes that include internships tend to significantly enhance graduates’ employability, particularly within the universe of polytechnic and public higher education institutions. Besides the instrumental value of internships, the impact of the nature and structure of the internship on the percentage of unemployed graduates are also discussed. Mandatory internships and the inclusion of multiple, shorter internships throughout the degree are negatively associated with unemployment levels. Results indicate work-based learning can be used as a successful strategy to bridge theoretical knowledge and practice and enhance graduate employability. These findings provide important insights for the evaluation and/or the design of internship programmes in higher education. 相似文献
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Part of the theory and all the experiments reported on in this paper were condensed into a four-page discussion or addendum to Professor Den Hartog's original paper on “Amplitudes of Non-Harmonic Vibrations” at the time of its presentation at the June Meeting of the A.S.M.E. in Chicago, 1933. Upon the instigation of Professor Den Hartog and the Editor of the Journal of the Franklin Institute, the original discussion has been brought into the present form. 相似文献
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To characterize hypertrophy and quantify seasonal changes in cardiac structure and function of women collegiate basketball (BB) athletes (n = 15), echocardiographic (echo) measurements were made in the fall (FALL1), winter (WIN), and spring (SPR), then again during the subsequent fall (FALL2; n = 10). Comparisons were made to age-matched nonathletes (NA) measured during FALL1 (n = 22) and SPR (n = 5). Left ventricular (LV) internal dimension-diastole (LVIDd), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV), LV mass (LVM), septal thickness (IVS), LV posterior wall thickness (LVPW), right ventricular (RV) internal dimension-diastole (RVIDd), and aortic root diameter (AOD) were significantly larger (12-70%) in the athletes; RVIDd-, LVEDV-, SV-, and LVM-index were also significantly greater (8-46%). From FALL1 to SPR measurement periods, LVIDd, RVIDd, LVEDV, SV, IVS, and LVM-index increased significantly (7-18%) in the athletes. Over the same period of time, LVIDd, LAD, AOD, LVEDV, and SV measured in the five NA subjects increased significantly. In the athletes, LVIDs, RVIDd, IVS, LVPW, and LVM decreased significantly (5-30%) from the SPR to FALL2 measurement period. These data characterize the general nature of the cardiac hypertrophy noted in women BB athletes compared to NA controls and show that distinct changes in heart structure corresponding to different periods of the competitive season can occur in these athletes. 相似文献