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Hughes PP Sherrill C Myers B Rowe N Marshall D 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2003,74(2):153-164
Martial arts and self-defense programs train fearful people, especially women, to be more competent and confident to defend themselves in dangerous situations. However, there are no validated instruments to evaluate the effectiveness of programs purporting to teach self-protection. The Perceptions of Dangerous Situations Scale (PDSS), composed of fear, likelihood and confidence subscales, was developed and validated for university women. Participants were 368 university women, ages 17 to 45 years (M age = 20.7 years). Content validity of the PDSS was established through an expert panel, and construct validity was established through principal components analysis and determination of instructional sensitivity. Reliability was established through alpha coefficients. The PDSS, when used with university women, offers promising measurement opportunities in self-defense and martial arts settings. 相似文献
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Alejandro Gonzalez Michelle L. Peters Amy Orange Bettye Grigsby 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2017,47(4):513-531
In the United States, teachers’ job-related stress and self-efficacy levels across all grades are influenced in some manner by the demands of high-stakes testing. This sequential mixed-methods study aimed at examining the dynamics among assigned subject matter, teacher job-related stress, and teacher self-efficacy in a large south-eastern Texas school district. Quantitative data were collected via the High Stakes Testing on Self-Efficacy and Teacher Stress Survey from a convenience sample of 145 teachers, while qualitative data were gathered during focus-group sessions at the elementary, middle and high school levels. Findings indicated that assigned subject matter did not influence teacher self-efficacy, but did influence teachers’ job-related stress. Additionally, a relationship was found to exist between teacher job-related stress and teacher self-efficacy. Teachers reported lack of time, modifications to curriculum, and testing of special education populations as contributions to their job-related stress, and school leadership and educational triage as impacting their teacher self-efficacy. 相似文献
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Olive John Grigsby 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):144-162
This study investigated how the effectiveness of verbal reinforcement is influenced by task interest and task usable performance feedback (UPF) in 18 fifth grade classes. Tasks of high, medium, and low interest, and high and low UPF were developed. A five-minute pretest was followed by one of three verbal reinforcement conditions: approval, disapproval, or a neutral statement. Students then took a five-minute posttest. Results revealed neither verbal reinforcement nor interaction between verbal reinforcement and task variables provided the motivation necessary to improve accuracy of performance. Students who took low UPF tasks completed more than those with high UPF tasks. Increased rate occurred when middle and low interest tasks were coupled with verbal approval, and when high interest tasks were coupled with disapproval. 相似文献
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This study focuses on the role of formal continuing education in helping persons prepare for retirement. The subjects were 206 classified, university employees between the ages of 50 and 65. The Retirement Preparation Indexes were used to measure behavior, information, and attitude toward retirement. Using the analysis of variance (a = .05), participants in formal continuing education (N = 46) scored significantly higher on the indexes community activity behavior, health care issues, psychological adjustment information, preretirement zest attitude, total behavior, total information, and the complete retirement preparation index. Preretirees involved in lifelong learning were found to be more concerned about their own development regardless of age and more aware of the options available to them upon retirement. 相似文献
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