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There has been little previous research into either students’ motivation to enrol into elective university courses or their motivation to enrol into marketing courses. Therefore in this exploratory study the motivation of 507 students to undertake an introductory elective marketing course was investigated. Factor analysis revealed seven motivational dimensions labelled as Competence, Broad Education, Job Prospects, Entrepreneurial Goals, ‘Non‐maths’, Social and Students’ Opportunism. T‐tests, MANOVAs and MANCOVAs indicated that the students who expressed an intention to major in marketing have a more intrinsically and vocationally based motivation than those students who decided to major in another subject or those who were undecided. While male students on average scored higher on the inner‐directed instrumental dimensions of Competence and Broad Education the outer‐directed dimensions of Students’ Opportunism and Entrepreneurial Goals were found to be significantly more important for female students. Analysis of impact of year of study on students’ motivation, however, indicated that these differences lessen over time. This research has implications for decision‐making in the areas of curriculum design, streaming procedures and teaching techniques. 相似文献
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Biljana Pejovi? Jelena Eri?-Marinkovi? Marija Pejovi? Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevi? Amira Peco-Anti? 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(3):450-459
Introduction
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). In recent years, every effort is made for early detection of AKI. Our hypothesis was that serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL) may be a reliable screening test for early diagnosis of AKI in premature neonates after perinatal asphyxia. Therefore, our aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of sNGAL for AKI in premature asphyxiated neonates.Materials and methods
AKI was defined in the third day of life (DOL 3) as a serum creatinine (sCr) increase ≥ 26.5 μmol/L from baseline (the lowest previous sCr). According to the increase of sCr, AKI patients were divided in AKIN1 (sCr increase up to 1.9 baseline) and AKIN2 (sCr increase from 2.0 to 2.9 baseline). sNGAL levels were measured on DOL 1, 3 and 7.Results
AKI was diagnosed in 73 (0.676) of 108 enrolled premature asphyxiated neonates. Sixty one patients (0.836) were classified in AKIN1 and 12 patients (0.164) in AKIN2. sNGAL reached the maximal concentrations on DOL 1 within 4 hours after admission to NICU, being higher in AKI compared with no-AKI group (160.8 ± 113.1 vs. 87.1 ± 81.6; P < 0.001) as well as in AKIN2 compared with AKIN1 group (222.8 ± 112.9 vs. 147.8 ± 109.9; P < 0.001). The best areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for prediction of AKI were 0.72 [95% (0.62-0.80) P < 0.001] on DOL1 at 2h and 0.72 [95% (0.63-0.80) P < 0.001] at 4th hour after admission respectively. The corresponding sNGAL cutoff concentrations were 84.87 ng/mL (sensitivity 69.0% and specificity 71.9%) and 89.43 ng/mL (sensitivity 65.7% and specificity 74.3%).Conclusions
In premature asphyxiated neonates sNGAL measured within the first 4 hours of DOL 1 is predictive of the occurrence and severity of AKI. Therefore, plasma levels of NGAL may be used for early diagnosis of AKI in these patients.Key words: serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, acute kidney injury, premature neonates, biomarker 相似文献3.
Research in Science Education - The aim of this study was to determine the impact of three different software simulations for studying Ohm’s law and connecting resistors on students’... 相似文献
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Biljana Stevanovic 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2014,35(4):541-558
Based on surveys undertaken by the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (France’s National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) and by the Direction de l'évaluation de la prospective et de la performance (Directorate of Evaluation, Forecasting and Performance), this article examines the evolution of female student enrollment in scientific streams in secondary and post-secondary education in France over a period of approximately 20 years, from 1985 to 2008. The aim is to study the changes and constants in girls’ choices in science and technology education. The results show that girls’ choices to study science and technology have undergone clear changes during this period. These changes have been positive at the secondary level, but rather more ambiguous at the post-secondary level. Both an appraisal of positive developments and the persistently low representation of women in scientific fields will be offered. 相似文献
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