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1.
J. Bruce Francis Michalina Vaughan Colin Flood Page Sally Tomlinson R. A. Becher Margaret C. Ives John Urry K. G. Collier Meir Zadok Charles Carter Jürgen Schramm Jean Barry Graeme C. Moodie Donald Bligh R. A. King D. G. Mulcahy Peter Scott F. R. Charmer T. R. Bone John A. Hughes Roger Greenhough Alec M. Ross John Wakeford Joyce Skinner Duncan B. Nimmo Cedric Cullingford L. R. B. Elton 《Higher Education》1979,8(6):709-744
2.
Students in their first year of university face a number of transition issues that can make realising their academic potential difficult. In the sciences, first-year courses cover a large amount of material across broad subject areas, which can make them troublesome for students without background knowledge, and students need to adapt to typically large class sizes and develop active, independent learning skills. We expected a student's prior learning to be important to their academic performance in a large, first-year introductory biology subject and analysed the relationships between students' results in this course with their senior high school results in related subjects over three years from 2007 to 2009. We predicted that students with prior learning in biology would have higher results than those without it, but that chemistry might also be important, given the biochemical nature of much of the course content. Students who completed biology at the senior high school-level did perform better than those who had not, but only if they also completed chemistry. Prior learning in biology was of no benefit to students in first-year biology, except when combined with chemistry, suggesting that potential differences in biology curricula between high school and the first year at university may need to be addressed. 相似文献
3.
A study of the perceived importance of 23 occupations by 65 adolescents with learning disabilities and 85 adolescents without learning disabilities revealed that occupations were ranked similarly by the two groups (Rho = .76). Analysis of the groups' rank order indicated diversity of students' perceptions about the importance of various occupations. 相似文献
4.
Jane Bone 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2016,37(5):627-640
ABSTRACTThe future of childhood is often described in terms of utopian thinking. Here, the turn is towards dystopia as a fertile source of wild imaginings about the future. The dystopian literary fictions featured here act as a message and are projections of an uneasy future requiring a reader to see the present differently. Such projections make reading dangerous as they create an alternative world often disorderly and dismissive of contexts that are familiar and safe. In these scenarios, the child is often a key figure. In the work by Atwood (Oryx and Crake; The Year of the Flood; MaddAddam), the world is an environmental nightmare. The focus is on MaddAddam, in which the child is an object of desire and both monstrous and redemptive. A reading of MaddAddam as a posthuman text is undertaken and it is argued that Atwood's dystopia creates a discourse of monstrosity (both weird and beautiful) that contaminates thoughts about the child/children/childhood and the future. 相似文献
5.
Tom R. Bone 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1987,33(3):381-396
The worldwide changes in the role of the teacher have obvious implications for their training, at both the pre-service and in-service levels. This article focuses first on the increase in the external control of training institutions, whether directly by governments or less directly through agencies which represent the views of the schools, the teaching profession and the employers. Examples are taken from the United Kingdom, with some analysis of the influence of the Council for National Academic Awards, the General Teaching Council for Scotland, and the Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education, but the issues dealt with, such as standards in training, are of general interest. The nature of the changes that are being made in training are then examined. Some relate to preparing teachers to meet the requirements of new curricula in the schools. Others are more concerned with the ways in which the training itself is becoming more integrated, more immediately relevant, and more professional. Two current needs are referred to: one for the trainers to help teachers relate more closely to the work of other agencies in society; and the other for them to take more account of the multicultural nature of the communities they serve. Finally, the author turns to what he regards as the greatest problem facing the training institutions today — the need for the development of their own staff. In the Third World countries the need is for trainers who are themselves better educated, more experienced and more skilled in helping teachers meet the challenges of nonformal education as well as those of the classroom. In the industrialized West restrictive personnel policies have left institutions with staff who are well qualified but middle-aged and personally inexperienced in facing the demands of a changed situation in the schools. The need for a staff development policy for institutions is urged.
Zusammenfassung Die weltweiten Veränderungen in der Rolle der Lehrer haben Auswirkungen auf ihre Ausbildung, sowohl auf der Ebene der Lehrervorbereitung als auch in der berufsbegleitenden Weiterbildung. In diesem Bericht konzentriert sich der Verfasser zuerst auf die äußere Kontrolle der Ausbildungsinstitutionen, sei es unmittelbar durch die Regierungen oder weniger unmittelbar durch Dienststellen, die die Ansichten der Schulen, der Lehrerschaft und der Arbeitgeber vertreten. Aus Großbritannien werden Beispiele angeführt sowie Wirkungsanalysen über den Einfluß des Council for National Academic Awards, des General Teaching Council for Scotland, und des Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education. Die hier behandelten Fragen wie, z.B. der Ausbildungsstandard sind jedoch von allgemeinem Interesse. Anschließend wird die Art der durchgeführten Veränderungen in der Ausbildung untersucht. Manche beziehen sich auf die Vorbereitung der Lehrer bezüglich der Erfordernisse der neuen Curricula an den Schulen, anderen beziehen sich auf die Art und Weise, in der Ausbildung in höheren Maßen integriert, relevant und professionell wird. Auf zwei derzeitige Erfordernisse wird hingewiesen: zum einen daß die Ausbilder den Lehrern helfen, enger mit anderen Behörden in der Gesellschaft zusammenzuarbeiten und zum anderen, daß die multikulturelle Zusammensetzung der Gemeinschaften, denen sie dienen, mehr Rechnung getragen wird. Abschließend wendet sich der Verfasser dem seiner Meinung nach schwerwiegendsten Problem zu, das die Ausbildungsinstitionen heutzutage betrifft, — die Notwendigkeit, ihren eigenen Mitarbeiterstab zu entwickeln. In den Ländern der Dritten Welt könnten besser ausgebildete, erfahrenere und fähigere Ausbilder dazu beitragen, daß sich Lehrer den Herausforderungen sowohl in der nicht-formalen Erziehung als auch im Klassenzimmer sich gewachsen zeigen. In der industrialisierten westlichen Welt haben restriktive Personalmaßnahmen dazu geführt, daß Institutionen über ein zwar gut ausgebildetes Personal verfügt, das weil schon mittleren Alters, den Anforderungen einer veränderten Situation innerhalb des Schulwesens nicht gewachsen ist. Im abschließenden Teil des Berichtes wird die Notwendigkeit einer Ausbildungspolitik für den Mitarbeiterstab der Institutionen als dringlich dargestellt.
Résumé L'évolution du rôle des enseignants observée dans le monde entier a des implications certaines pour leur formation avant l'emploi et en cours d'emploi. Cet article met tout d'abord un accent sur le renforcement du contrôle externe des institutions de formation, soit directement par des gouvernements ou moins directement grâce à des agences qui représentent les vues des écoles, des professions d'enseignants et des employeurs. Quelques exemples du Royaume Uni sont donnés avec une analyse de l'influence du Conseil d'attribution des prix académiques nationaux, du Conseil d'enseignement général pour l'Ecosse, et du Conseil d'accréditation de la formation des enseignants, mais les questions traitées, telles celles des niveaux de formation, sont d'un intérêt général. Puis on examine la nature des changements qui s'opèrent au niveau de la formation. Certains concernent la formation que reçoivent les enseignants afin de pouvoir répondre aux exigences des nouveaux curricula des écoles. D'autres ont trait davantage aux moyens grâce auxquels la formation est en train de devenir plus intégrée, plus rapidement pertinente et plus professionnelle. On cite deux besoins actuels: l'un se rapportant aux responsables de la formation qui doivent aider les enseignants à avoir plus de contact avec le travail des autres organismes de la société; le second concernant les formateurs eux-mêmes qui doivent tenir compte de la nature multiculturelle des communautés qu'ils servent. Enfin, l'auteur se penche sur ce qu'il considère comme le plus grand problème auquel les institutions de formation doivent faire face de nos jour — notamment le problème du développement de leur propre personnel. Dans les pays du Tiers Monde, on a besoin de formateurs qui sont eux-mêmes mieux instruits, ont plus d'expérience et de compétences et qui pourraient aider les enseignants à relever les défis de l'éducation non-formelle et ceux du travail en classe. Dans les pays occidentaux industrialisés, les politiques de restriction de personnel ont laissé les institutions avec un personnel bien qualifié mais d'un âge moyen et sans expérience personnelle suffisante pour pouvoir répondre aux demandes d'un changement de situation dans les écoles. L'article insiste sur la nécessité d'une politique de développement du personnel dans les institutions.相似文献
6.
Student Surveys for School Teacher Evaluation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kenneth D. Peterson Christine Wahlquist Kathie Bone 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》2000,14(2):135-153
Students reports have the potential to add much useful information about school teacher quality. However, much research has centered on post secondary settings and many questions remain about the use of pupil surveys for K–12 teachers. The Davis County School District (Utah) uses pupil surveys as one teacher-chosen data source for teacher evaluation. The surveys of 9,765 students were analyzed for patterns of response. Item analysis suggests that pupils responded with reliability and validity. Some individual items are more defensible than others for conceptual and empirical reasons. 相似文献
7.
Robert S. Withers Jan Bone Karen M. Stoddard E. Ann Kaplan Aljean Harmetz 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(12):138-140
INTRODUCTION TO FILM by Robert S. Withers (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1983---$6.95, paper) OPPORTUNITIES IN FILM by Jan Bone (Available from VGM. Career Horizons, 4255 West Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood, Illinois 60646-1975 for $5.95 paper or $7.95 hardcover) CHARLIE CHAPLIN: A BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY (227 pages, $35.00) Karen M. Stoddard, SAINTS AND SHREWS: WOMEN AND AGING IN AMERICAN POPULAR FILM (174 pages, $27.95) THE NEW LATIN AMERICAN CINEMA: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (1983---$4.00, paper) 100th number of CINE CUBANO ($7.00) The American Film Institute has begun (and ended) its Monograph series with four volumes. All are available from University Publications of America (44 North Market Street, Frederick, MD 21701; each is $25.00 in hardcover and $10.00 in paperback) WOMEN AND FILM: BOTH SIDES OF THE CAMERA by E. Ann Kaplan (New York: Methuen, 1983---$10.95, paper) ROLLING BREAKS AND OTHER MOVIE BUSINESS by Aljean Harmetz (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983---$14.95) 相似文献
8.
The 1993 merger between Jordanhill College of Education and the University of Strathclyde is analysed by the Principals of the two institutions. They examine such factors as the nature of the merger itself, the importance of the timing of the proposal, the influence exercised by prior experiences, and the attitude of the key players - Senate, Academic Board, Court and Governors, students, academic and non-academic trade unions, the Funding Council and the Scottish Office Education Department. The authors then proceed to compare their merger with mergers which have occurred in higher education in the Netherlands and in Australia. While there was a major difference, in that there was no government pressure to merge, there were other significant ways in which the process was similar. Many of the lessons learned in those countries apply equally in the UK. 相似文献
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The current study was part of a larger project which examined teachers’ classroom practices and relationships with students’ learning engagement in primary-school education in Estonia. The focus was the role of autonomy supportive and structured teaching on learning engagement. Two primary-school teachers and their 46 students were selected for this study. The aim of the study was to explore how teachers’ classroom practices influence students’ learning engagement over two years during grade two and grade four of the educational system. Three trained observers rated classroom practices and students self-reported learning engagement. The results highlight primary students’ high-learning engagement, and did not confirm an expectation that low-autonomy-supportive teaching results in low-learning engagement in primary school. 相似文献
10.
Teemu?P??kk?nen Jaana?Kek?l?inenEmail author Heikki?Keskustalo Leif?Azzopardi David?Maxwell Kalervo?J?rvelin 《Information Retrieval》2017,20(4):338-362
A searcher’s interaction with a retrieval system consists of actions such as query formulation, search result list interaction and document interaction. The simulation of searcher interaction has recently gained momentum in the analysis and evaluation of interactive information retrieval (IIR). However, a key issue that has not yet been adequately addressed is the validity of such IIR simulations and whether they reliably predict the performance obtained by a searcher across the session. The aim of this paper is to determine the validity of the common interaction model (CIM) typically used for simulating multi-query sessions. We focus on search result interactions, i.e., inspecting snippets, examining documents and deciding when to stop examining the results of a single query, or when to stop the whole session. To this end, we run a series of simulations grounded by real world behavioral data to show how accurate and responsive the model is to various experimental conditions under which the data were produced. We then validate on a second real world data set derived under similar experimental conditions. We seek to predict cumulated gain across the session. We find that the interaction model with a query-level stopping strategy based on consecutive non-relevant snippets leads to the highest prediction accuracy, and lowest deviation from ground truth, around 9 to 15% depending on the experimental conditions. To our knowledge, the present study is the first validation effort of the CIM that shows that the model’s acceptance and use is justified within IIR evaluations. We also identify and discuss ways to further improve the CIM and its behavioral parameters for more accurate simulations. 相似文献