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The Purpose of this study was to examine effectsof group discussion of a medical problem on the comprehension of a subsequentproblem-relevant text by first year medical students.Forty-eight first-year medical students were randomly assigned toone of two conditions: The experimental group discussed a problem of blood pressureregulation, where the control group discussed a problem of vision. Subsequently, allstudents studied a text on the physiology of blood pressure regulation. Finally, a freerecall test was administered. Numbers of propositions accurately recalled were analyzed usinganalysis of variance (ANOVA). Students who discussed the blood pressure regulationproblem recalled 25% more from the text than those who discussed the control problem.This difference was statistically significant. The present study represented thefirst truly randomized trial in the ecologically valid context of a medical curriculum. Itdemonstrated the positive effects of problem-based tutorial group discussion on thecomprehension of text. It confirmed earlier findings from laboratory studies thatproblem-based learning, in addition to positive emotional and motivational long-term effectswell-documented in the literature, also has positive effects on learning. 相似文献
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Fleurie Nievelstein Tamara van Gog Henny P. A. Boshuizen Frans J. Prins 《Instructional Science》2010,38(1):23-35
Due to the complexity of the legal domain, reasoning about law cases is a very complex skill. For novices in law school, legal
reasoning is even more complex because they have not yet acquired the conceptual knowledge needed for distilling the relevant
information from cases, determining applicable rules, and searching for rules and exceptions in external information sources
such as lawbooks. This study investigated the role of conceptual knowledge in solving legal cases when no information sources
can be used. Under such ‘unsupported’ circumstances, novice and advanced students performed less well than domain experts,
but even experts’ performance was rather low. The second question addressed was whether novices even benefit from the availability
of information sources (i.e., lawbook), because conceptual knowledge is prerequisite for effective use of such sources. Indeed
availability of the lawbook positively affected performance only for advanced students but not for novice students. Implications
for learning and instruction in the domain of law are discussed. 相似文献
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Evelien Ketelaar Maaike Koopman Perry J. Den Brok Douwe Beijaard Henny P. A. Boshuizen 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(3):314-337
The aim of this study was to gain understanding of how teachers familiarise themselves with a new pedagogy during their everyday practice, in this case the implementation of the coaching role in vocational education. For this purpose, 11 teachers reported their learning experiences in a digital log. An identity perspective was used as a lens to reflect and interpret these learning experiences. More specifically, it was looked at the extent to which teachers expressed ownership in their learning experiences with this new pedagogy, the ways they made sense of their learning experiences, and the extent to which they expressed agency in their learning experiences. On the basis of their initial positioning in terms of their ownership, sense-making and agency, these teachers were divided into an engaged and a reserved group. Differences were found in the learning experiences both between and within these groups. The digital logs of the engaged teachers showed more ownership than those of the reserved group and their sense-making was more active and explicit. Agency was present in the digital logs of both groups. Within the two groups, differences were found, particularly between teachers in the reserved group. 相似文献
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Pieter J. Beers Henny P. A. Boshuizen Paul A. Kirschner Wim Gijselaers Jochem Westendorp 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(3):309-328
Many researchers use information and communications technology (ICT)-tools to augment learning in a great variety of tasks.
Their effects are generally measured in terms of intended outcomes. This article argues for the use of additional, more general
measures to obtain a more complete impression of the effects of ICT-tools. The first study presented in this article shows
why tools should not only be studied in terms of their specific intended outcomes, but also in terms of their effects on working
memory, and the cognitive mechanisms needed to achieve the intended outcomes. The second study uses cognitive load measurements
and stimulated recall interviews to obtain a more comprehensive view of the effects of learning tools. Results suggest that
traditional outcome measures need to be complemented with quantitative and qualitative measures of cognitive processes to
substantiate conclusions about intended effects of ICT-tools.
相似文献
| Pieter J. BeersEmail: |
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A program for teaching 9th graders course content (history) and how they should evaluate information found on the WWW was designed and tested. Goal of the program was to teach content, evaluations skills, and to achieve transfer of these skills to a different domain. In the design of the program the principles of two transfer theories were combined using a design-based research approach. Results revealed that the program improved students’ evaluation behaviour. Compared to the students of the control condition, the evaluation skills of students in the experimental condition improved to a higher level, but did not lead to transfer. Students in the experimental classes scored higher on the final content exam than students in the control class. 相似文献
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Corry G.J.M. Ehlen Marcel R. van der Klink Henny P.A. Boshuizen 《Studies in Continuing Education》2016,38(1):61-85
Increasingly, innovative collaboration between industry and schools is being exploited as a way of improving the quality and relevance of education. Even though these innovations appear to have substantial benefits, often the impact proves to fade away after their implementation. A better understanding of how to sustain complex innovations seems important. Unfortunately, only a limited amount of research investigates the ‘inside’ of complex innovations. This article reports on a three-year, large-scale industry–school programme in the Dutch Leisure sector. The research, from start to finish, adopted a qualitative case study methodology with a mixed-methods approach, drawing upon social capital theory as lens to understand the dynamics of processes and effect on outcomes. Findings indicate that the social capital theory helps to unravel crucial factors of processes and outcomes. The researched innovation process depended not so much on formal project plans and objectives but largely built on the quality of social relationships at all levels. Sustaining this social capital proved crucial, while managing according to a planned change strategy appeared to be counterproductive. The outcomes show to be twofold, in terms of new knowledge and products for the organisations and of sustainable benefits for the professionals, in terms of new abilities. 相似文献
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Pieter J. Beers Paul A. Kirschner Henny P. A. Boshuizen Wim H. Gijselaers 《Instructional Science》2007,35(6):535-556
More and more educators and researchers use ICT-tools to support collaborative learning. Research has shown that, for collaborative
learning to be more effective than individual learning, individual learners have to achieve a sufficiently common cognitive
frame of reference, or common ground. This common ground does not appear by itself, but rather often needs to be negotiated.
This negotiation is seen as an important aspect of collaborative learning. This article presents a study with NTool, an ICT-tool
to support the negotiation of common ground. NTool supports learners in making their individual perspectives explicit to others
so that common ground can be negotiated. Two versions of the tool differing in the extent to which users were coerced into
adhering to embedded support principles were used in a secondary vocational education setting. Coercion, as expected, increased
negotiation of common ground in both settings. However, results were contradictory with regard to the extent to which common
ground was achieved. Overall, it can be concluded that NTool and its underlying framework affect negotiation of common ground,
and that adding some coercion increases this effect. However, when learners have no prior experience in collaborative complex
problem-solving, NTool may only affect surface aspects of communication. 相似文献