Using the Information Structure Model to Compare Profile-Based Information Filtering Systems     

Yuval Elovici  Bracha Shapira  Paul B. Kantor 《Information Retrieval》2003,6(1):75-97

In the IR field it is clear that the value of a system depends on the cost and benefit profiles of its users. It would seem obvious that different users would prefer different systems. In the TREC-9 filtering track, systems are evaluated by a utility measure specifying a given cost and benefit. However, in the study of decision systems it is known that, in some cases, one system may be unconditionally better than another. In this paper we employ a decision theoretic approach to find conditions under which an Information Filtering (IF) system is unconditionally superior to another for all users regardless of their cost and benefit profiles.It is well known that if two IF systems have equal precision the system with better recall will be preferred by all users. Similarly, with equal recall, better precision is universally preferred. We confirm these known results and discover an unexpected dominance relation in which a system with lower recall will be universally preferred provided its precision is sufficiently higher.  相似文献   

Promoting teachers’ algebraic reasoning and self-regulation with metacognitive guidance     

Bracha Kramarski 《Metacognition and Learning》2008,3(2):83-99

This study investigates algebraic reasoning and self-regulation skills among elementary school teachers who participated in a professional development program either with IMPROVE metacognitive questioning (PD + Meta) or with no metacognitive guidance (PD). Sixty-four Israeli teachers participated in a 3-year program designed to enhance mathematical knowledge. Results indicated that the PD + Meta teachers outperformed the PD teachers on various algebraic procedural and real-life tasks regarding conceptual mathematical explanations. In addition, the PD + Meta group outperformed the PD group in using self-monitoring and evaluation strategies in algebraic problem solving. We discuss educational and practical implications.  相似文献   

Preparing preservice teachers for self-regulated learning in the context of technological pedagogical content knowledge     

Bracha Kramarski  Tova Michalsky 《Learning and Instruction》2010,20(5):434-447

The present study investigated effects of two hypermedia environments on 95 preservice university teachers' self-regulated learning (SRL) in the context of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK): hypermedia with metacognitive instruction (HYP + META) and without (HYP). The study combined online reflections with self-report measures to assess SRL processes. Results showed that exposure to metacognitive support using the IMPROVE self-questioning method may enhance preservice teachers' ability to reflect on and regulate their learning processes. This, in turn, can develop their TPCK, both as learners (comprehension skills) and as teachers (design skills). Further analysis indicated high correlations within SRL measures (self-reports, online reflections) and between SRL and TPCK tasks. Implications are discussed for teacher training in SRL-integrated TPCK contexts.  相似文献   

The response of clinical practice curriculum in teacher education to the Covid-19 breakout: A case study from Israel     

Hadar  Linor L.  Alpert  Bracha  Ariav  Tamar 《Prospects》2021,51(1-3):449-462

PROSPECTS - This case study explores how teacher education curriculum in a college in Israel responded to the Covid-19 outbreak. The article focuses on the clinical component of the preservice...  相似文献   

Making sense of graphs: does metacognitive instruction make a difference on students' mathematical conceptions and alternative conceptions?     

Bracha Kramarski   《Learning and Instruction》2004,14(6):436

The present study investigates the differential effects of cooperative learning with or without metacognitive instruction on making sense of graphs. Participants were 196 eighth-graders who studied in six classrooms. Data were analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative methods. Results indicated that students who were exposed to the metacognitive instruction within cooperative learning (COOP + META) significantly outperformed their counterparts who were exposed to cooperative learning with no metacognitive instruction (COOP). The positive effects of COOP + META were observed on both graph interpretation and graph construction (transfer task) with regard to alternative conceptions. Furthermore, observations indicated differential characteristics of discourse behaviors during small group interaction under these methods. The practical implications of the study are discussed.  相似文献   

Enhancing Mathematical Discourse: The Effects of E-mail Conversation on Learning Graphing     

Bracha Kramarski 《Educational Media International》2013,50(1):101-106

This study investigated the effects of e-mail conversations between teachers and students on learning graphing. Participants were two classes of ninth-grade students (boys and girls) who were exposed to Excel software by using metacognitive instruction. One class ( n =25) was exposed to e-mail conversation (EXCEL+E-MAIL) and the other class ( n =25) was exposed to whole class conversation (EXCEL). Results indicated that the EXCEL+E-MAIL students significantly outperformed the EXCEL students on graph interpretation and graph construction. In particular, the effects were observed on students' ability to explain mathematical reasoning. Furthermore, qualitative analysis of the e-mail messages indicated that the EXCEL+E-MAIL students used different levels of discourse in their e-mail messages than the EXCEL students. Améliorer le discours mathématique: effets des conversations électroniques sur l'apprentissage des graphes. Cette étude porte sur les conversations e-mail entretenues entre enseignants et élèves et leurs effets sur l'apprentissage des graphes. Les participants ont été deux classes de neuvième année, garÇons et filles, utilisant tous le logiciel EXCEL Une classe (25 élèves) a eu recours À l'e-mail et À EXCEL ( EXCEL + EMAIL) alors que les élèves de l'autre classe avaient la possibilité d'échanger directement entre eux, tout en utilisant EXCEL. Les résultats ont montré que les élèves EXCEL + E MAIL réussirent nettement mieux dans l'interprétation et la construction des graphes. Particulièrement dans leur habilité À expliquer les raisonnements mathématiques liés À l'activité et À éviter des erreurs de conception. De plus, l'analyse qualitative des messages électroniques a montré que les étudiants EXCEL+EMAIL ont utilisé des niveaux de discours différents de ceux employés par leurs camarades. Verbesserung des mathematischen Diskurses: Auswirkungen von Email Kommunikation auf das Erlernen von graphischen Darstellungen> Diese Studie untersuchte die Auswirkungen von Email Kommunikation zwischen Lehrer und Schüler über den Lernprozess der graphischen Darstellung. Teilnehmer waren 2 Klassen der 9. Jahrgangstufe (Jungen und Mädchen), die das Excel Programm aufgrund von metacognitiven Anweisungen bedienen sollten. Eine Klasse ( n =25) benutzte Email Kommunikation (EXCEL + EMAIL) und die andere Klasse ( n =25) stützte sich auf die Kommunikation in der Klasse (EXCEL). Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Studenten mit dem EXCEL + EMAIL Programm den EXCEL Studenten hinsichtlich der Interpretation und Erstellung von Graphiken deutlich überlegen waren. Diese Studenten vermochten weitaus besser ihre mathematischen Thesen zu erläutern. Eine qualitative Analyse der e-mail Botschaften bewiesen, dass die Studenten des EXCEL + EMAIL Programms auf unterschiedlicheren Ebenen kommunizierten als jene, die nur das EXEL Programm benutzten.  相似文献   

The challenge of self-regulated learning in mathematics teachers' professional training     

Bracha Kramarski  Tali Revach 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2009,72(3):379-399

This study investigated mathematics teachers' professional knowledge among elementary school teachers exposed to a professional training program that either supported self-regulated learning (SRL) or offered no SRL support (no-SRL). The SRL support was based on the IMPROVE metacognitive self-questioning method that directs students' attention to understanding when, why, and how to solve problems (Kramarski and Mevarech, Am Educ Res J 40:281–310, 2003). Sixty-four Israeli elementary teachers participated in a month-long professional development program to enhance mathematical and pedagogical knowledge. The course was part of a 3-year professional development program sponsored by the Israeli Ministry of Education. This mixed-method study included quantitative assessments of teachers' professional knowledge in mathematical problem solving for an authentic task based on Program for International Student Assessment's framework (Program for International Student Assessment, 2003) and in lesson planning, as well as qualitative interviews and videotaped observations of two teachers. Results indicated that teachers in the SRL program outperformed those in the no-SRL program on various problem solving skills (e.g., reflection and conceptual mathematical explanations) and lesson planning (e.g., task demands and teaching approach). Videotaped observations of actual teaching indicated that the SRL-trained teacher demonstrated more teaching practices that aimed to promote students' understanding and better supported students' regulation of their own learning, compared to the no-SRL-trained teacher. We discuss educational and practical implications.  相似文献   

School organisational efforts in search for alternatives to ability grouping     

Bracha Alpert  Shlomit Bechar 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2008,24(6):1599-1612

The paper presents a case study of a secondary school in Israel and its efforts at attending to students’ needs without resorting to tracking and ability grouping. It explores an organisational process the school has established, called “Opening triads”, which involves periodical regrouping of three classrooms of students of the same age and same subject matter into three new groups. The findings suggest that ability grouping is difficult to eliminate, but there are alternatives that may reduce its social and emotional harmful effect. Ability grouping can be avoided altogether through other, more equalitarian forms of regrouping students.  相似文献   

Effects of Computer Algebra System (CAS) with Metacognitive Training on Mathematical Reasoning     

Bracha Kramarski  Chaya Hirsch 《Educational Media International》2013,50(3-4):249-257

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the differential effects of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) and metacognitive training on mathematical reasoning. Participants were 83 students (boys and girls) who studied algebra in four eighth‐grade classrooms randomly selected to four instructional methods: CAS embedded within metacognitive training (CAS +META), metacognitive training without CAS learning (META), CAS learning without metacognitive training (CAS) and CONT learning without CAS and metacognitive training (CONT). Results showed that the CAS +META condition significantly outperformed the META and the CAS conditions, who in turn significantly outperformed the CONT condition on aspects of mathematical reasoning. No significant differences were found between the META and CAS conditions. In addition, the study found that the metacognitive students (CAS +META and META conditions) outperformed their counterparts (CAS and CONT) on their metacognitive knowledge. This paper describes research whose main focus is the use of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) in mathematics classrooms and the didactical possibilities based on the IMPROVE method linked with its use.Les effets du système d'algèbre par informatique (CAS) sur une formation métacognitive en raisonnement mathématique. Le but principal de la présente étude était d'explorer les effets différentiels du CAS et d'une formation métacognitive en raisonnement mathématique. Les participants étaient 83 élèves (garçons et filles) qui étudiaient l'algèbre dans les classes (eighth-grade) choisies au hasard avec 4 méthodes d'instruction. CAS enchassés à l'intérieur d'une formation métacognitive (CAS +META) métacognitive sans CAS (META), apprentissage CAS sans formation métacognitive (CONT) et apprentissage sans CAS + formation métacognitive (CONT). Les résultats ont montré que la formule CAS + META a surpassé de façon significative les formules META + CAS qui a leur tour ont surpassé la formule CONT quant aux aspects du raisonnement mathématique. Il n'y a pas de différences entre les formules META et CAS. De plus l'étude a montré que les élèves soumis aux conditions CAS +META et META ont obtenu de meilleurs résultats que leurs condisciples (CAS et CONT) quant à leurs connaissances métacognitives cet article décrit des recherches dont le but principal est l'utilisation du CAS dans les classes de mathématiques et les possibilités didactiques fondées sur la méthode IMPROVE à son usage.Wirkungen des Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) mit metacognitivem Training auf mathematisches Denken. Der Hauptzweck der gegenwärtigen Studie war, die unterscheidenden Wirkungen des Computer Algebra Systeme (CAS) und der metacognitiven Ausbildung auf mathematische Überlegung zu untersuchen. Teilnehmer waren 83 Studenten (Jungen und Mädchen), die Algebra in vier zufällig ausgewählten Klassen der achten Stufe in vier Unterrichtsmethoden studierten: CAS eingebettet in metacognitive Ausbildung (CAS + Meta), metacognitive Ausbildung ohne CAS (Meta), CAS Lernen ohne metacognitive Ausbildung (CAS) und CONT Lernen ohne CAS und metacognitive Ausbildung (CONT). Die Ergebnisse zeigten dass die CAS + Meta-Bedingung die Meta- und die CAS Bedingungen signifikant übertraf, die wiederum die CONT Bedingung bedeutend in Bezug auf Aspekte mathematischen Denkens überflügelten. Keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede wurden Zwischen den Meta und CAS Versionen wurden keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede gefunden. Außerdem ergab die Studie, dass die Studenten der metacognitiv unterrichteten Gruppe (CAS + Meta- und Metabedingungen) ihre Pendants (CAS und CONT) in Bezug auf ihr metacognitives Wissen übertrafen. Dieses Papier beschreibt Forschung, deren Hauptfokus auf der Verwendung von Computer Algebra Systemen (CAS) in Mathematikklassen ist und die didaktischen Möglichkeiten, die auf der mit ihrer Verwendung verbundenen IMPROVE Methode basieren.  相似文献   

Implicit dimension identification in user-generated text with LSTM networks     

Victor Makarenkov  Ido Guy  Niva Hazon  Tamar Meisels  Bracha Shapira  Lior Rokach 《Information processing & management》2019,56(5):1880-1893

In the process of online storytelling, individual users create and consume highly diverse content that contains a great deal of implicit beliefs and not plainly expressed narrative. It is hard to manually detect these implicit beliefs, intentions and moral foundations of the writers.We study and investigate two different tasks, each of which reflect the difficulty of detecting an implicit user’s knowledge, intent or belief that may be based on writer’s moral foundation: (1) political perspective detection in news articles (2) identification of informational vs. conversational questions in community question answering (CQA) archives. In both tasks we first describe new interesting annotated datasets and make the datasets publicly available. Second, we compare various classification algorithms, and show the differences in their performance on both tasks. Third, in political perspective detection task we utilize a narrative representation language of local press to identify perspective differences between presumably neutral American and British press.  相似文献