Early Literacy Skills in African-American Children: Research Considerations     

Julie A. Washington 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2001,16(4):213-221

The poor reading achievement of African-American children in urban schools is well established. African-American children from low-income homes may be at particular risk for reading difficulties, although middle-income children often fare poorly as well. Intervention efforts have focused on children in kindergarten through fifth grade. This article suggests that prevention efforts must begin prior to kindergarten entry. Several key variables that may influence young children's performance, including poverty, general oral language skills, dialectal variations, home literacy practices, standardized testing bias, and teacher expectations, are explored. Future directions for research addressing emergent literacy in African-American children are discussed throughout.  相似文献   

Dust showers     

Washington Jones  W Barnet Le Van  Tinius Olsen  William M Henderson  Wm.D Marks 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1880,110(2):106-114

  相似文献   

'There's no way this kid's retarded': teachers' optimistic constructions of students' ability     

Christi Kasa-Hendrickson 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(1):55-69

Historical research in the field of autism has suggested that judgements regarding the ability of students with autism should be made carefully, taking into consideration the person with autism's difficulty with communication, movement and performance in general. Although the historical literature has urged professionals to proceed with caution regarding judgements about ability, a haphazard understanding of people with autism as retarded prevails. This qualitative study analyses the experiences of four teachers who, within the context of the inclusive classroom, resist interpreting non-verbal students with autism as mentally retarded and seek to form a new understanding of ability. The following themes will be discussed: (1) finding situations where students demonstrate competence, (2) rethinking performance and understanding, and (3) expecting struggles.  相似文献   

A kit bag for promoting positive behaviour in the classroom,by Nicola S. Morgan and Gillian Ellis     

Meryl Washington 《Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties》2013,18(1):118-119

  相似文献   

Towards School Based Teacher Training     

Kenneth R. Washington 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(1):87-89

  相似文献   

“I am thinking that speech is asinine”: Narrating Complexities and Rethinking the Notion of “Independence” in Communication     

Alicia A. Broderick  Christi Kasa-Hendrickson 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(2):176-186

This article presents a narrative accounting of a critical interpretivist research study that sought to document the emergence of useful speech in participants who had previously been described as largely nonverbal. The purpose of this piece is to narrate this inquiry process through examination not only of our participants' own accounts of their experiences but also through critical examination of the ways in which we as researchers solicit and respond to those accounts. Our analytic gaze, therefore, focuses on the dialectic process through which we interactively co-construct concepts related to disability in our participants' experiences, alternating between narrating our own experience of this process as researchers and narrating our participants' accounts of their own experiences with this interpretive process. Discussion focuses on critique of the cultural value accorded to the notions of “independence” and “normalcy,” and on the participants' demonstration of their own agency in the complex, fluid, and constant process of managing and constructing, in concert with those around them, and often in the face of significant resistance to the process, their own positive and valued identities as competent communicators.  相似文献   

我曾经学过     

Omer Washington 《海外英语》2007,(5):36

I've learned that you cannot make someone love you. All you can do is be someone who can be loved.  相似文献   

乔治·华盛顿对部队的演说     

George Washington 《海外英语》2009,(12):53-53

本文是乔治·华盛顿在独立战争中对部队的演讲。乔治·华盛顿（1732～1799）为美国的奠基人,第一任总统。出身大种植园主家庭,早年在英国殖民军中服役,后任第一届和第二届大陆会议代表。1775年北美独立战争爆发,被推选为十三州起义部队总司令。  相似文献   

Assessing Precollege Science Education Outreach Initiatives: A Funder's Perspective          下载免费PDF全文

Debra A. Felix  Mark D. Hertle  Jill G. Conley  Lori B. Washington  Peter J. Bruns 《CBE life sciences education》2004,3(3):189-195

We describe an assessment of the collective impact of 35 grants that the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) made to biomedical research institutions in 1999 to support precollege science education outreach programs. Data collected from funded institutions were compared with data from a control group of institutions that had advanced to the last stage of review but had not been funded. The survey instrument and the results reveal outcomes and impacts that HHMI considers relevant for these programs. The following attributes are considered: ability to secure additional, non-HHMI funding; institution buy-in as measured by gains in dedicated space and staff; enhancement of the program director''s career; number and adoption of educational products developed; number of related publications and awards; percentage of programs for which teachers received course credit; increase in science content knowledge; and increase in student motivation to study science.  相似文献   

Annual report of the committee on meetings for the year 1899     

Washington Jones 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1900,149(2):151-152

  相似文献