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Keitaro Kubo Daisuke Miyazaki Shigeharu Tanaka Shozo Shimoju Naoya Tsunoda 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(7):665-669
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Achilles tendon properties and foot strike patterns in long-distance runners. Forty-one highly trained male long-distance runners participated in this study. Elongation of the Achilles tendon and aponeurosis of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were measured using ultrasonography, while the participants performed ramp isometric plantar flexion up to the voluntary maximum. The relationship between the estimated muscle force and tendon elongation during the ascending phase was fit to a linear regression, the slope of which was defined as stiffness. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon was measured using ultrasonography. Foot strike patterns (forefoot, midfoot and rearfoot) during running were determined at submaximal velocity (18 km · h?1) on a treadmill. The number of each foot strike runner was 12 for the forefoot (29.3%), 12 for the midfoot (29.3%) and 17 for the rearfoot (41.5%). No significant differences were observed in the variables measured for the Achilles tendon among the three groups. These results suggested that the foot strike pattern during running did not affect the morphological or mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in long-distance runners. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to build a flexible mechanical system with a hydrostatic skeleton. The main components of this system are two type flexible bags. One is a structural bag with constant inner pressure. The other is an actuator bag with controlled inner pressure. To design the system, it was necessary to estimate both structural deformation and driving force. Nu- merical analysis of flexible bags, however, is difficult because of large nonlinear deformation. This study analyzed structural strength and driving force of flexible bags with the nonlinear finite element analysis （FEA） software ABAQUS. The stress con- centration dependency on the bag shape is described and the driving force is calculated to include the large deformation. From the analytical results, this study derives an empirical equation of driving force. The validity of the equation was confirmed by condition-changed analyses and experimental results. 相似文献
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Annotation of the functions of genes and proteins is an essential step in genome analysis. Information extraction techniques
have been proposed to obtain the function information of genes and proteins in the biomedical literature. However, the performance
of most information extraction techniques of function annotation in the biomedical literature is not satisfactory due to the
large variability in the expression of concepts in the biomedical literature. This paper proposes a framework to improve the
gene function annotation in the literature by considering both the textual information in the literature and the functions
of genes with sequences similar to a target gene. The new framework collects multiple types of evidence as: (i) textual information
about gene functions by matching keywords of the gene functions; (ii) gene function information from the known functions of
genes with sequences similar to a target gene; and (iii) the prior probabilities of gene functions to be associated with an
arbitrary gene by mining the known gene functions from curated databases. A supervised learning method is utilized to obtain
the weights for combining the three types of evidence to assign appropriate Gene Ontology terms for target genes. Empirical
studies on two testbeds demonstrate that the combination of sequence similarity scores, function prior probabilities and textual
information improves the accuracy of gene function annotation in the literature. The F-measure scores obtained with the proposed framework are substantially higher than the scores of the solutions in prior research.
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| Yi FangEmail: |
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Daisuke Matsui Isao Watanabe Teruhide Koyama Etsuko Ozaki Nagato Kuriyama Shigeto Mizuno 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(18):1788-1793
Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density (BMD) is lower than normal. Exercise increases BMD in both the young and adults. This study aimed to compare the radial apparent BMD (aBMD) in Japanese females who are Kendo practitioners (KPs) and those with no regular exercise habits (no-REH). The analysis participants consisted of 45 KPs (mean age: 49.4 years old) and 110 no-REH (mean age: 48.8 years old). Radial aBMD was measured using an ultrasonic bone densitometry system. Radial aBMD in KPs was 196.1 ± 33.9 mg/cm3, and was 182.9 ± 45.3 mg/cm3 in no-REH participants. KPs had significantly higher BMD than no-REH participants. In KPs, left radial aBMD was 196.1 ± 33.9 mg/cm3, and right radial aBMD was 184.5 ± 37.7 mg/cm3. The left radius was also significantly higher than the right radius with respect to aBMD in KPs. After adjusting for age, body mass index, menstrual status, parous women and frequency of milk and dairy intake, the odds ratio (OR) of osteopenia associated with no-REH was 6.58 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72–25.1) and the prevalence ratio (PR) of osteopenia associated with no-REH was 4.12 (95% CI: 1.23–13.7). Therefore, the Kendo practice may have a protective efficacy for osteopenia in women. 相似文献
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Innovative Higher Education - Universities across the U.S. have increasingly emphasized internationalization, leading to rising numbers of international students attending U.S. institutions of... 相似文献
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Tomoyuki Matsuo Tsutomu Jinji Daisaku Hirayama Daiki Nasu Hiroki Ozaki Daisuke Kumagawa 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(2):180-191
The objectives of this study were to investigate middle finger movements and dynamics of ball movements around the instant of ball release during baseball pitching. Baseball pitching from an indoor mound among 14 semi-professional pitchers was captured using a motion capture system with 16 high-speed cameras (1,000 Hz). Kinematics of middle finger joints, ball rotation, and force applied to the ball were calculated. The proximal and distal interphalangeal joints continued to extend until the instant of ball release, then abruptly flexed. The abrupt flexion lasted for only several milliseconds, followed by a short extension phase. The finger made a quick double cycle of extension-flexion movement, suggesting that it attained high stiffness resulting from co-contraction. The ball began to roll up to the tip of the finger 8 ± 1 ms before ball release owing to the start of extension or the increased angular velocity of extension for the proximal interphalangeal joint. A mean force of 195 ± 27 N was applied in the proximal direction of the hand at the same time as the beginning of ball rolling, and a mean force of 109 ± 22 N was applied to the throwing direction just before ball release. 相似文献
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Keitaro Kubo Daisuke Miyazaki Toshihiro Ikebukuro Hideaki Yata Masaji Okada Naoya Tsunoda 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):742-748
The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare muscle and tendon stiffness under active conditions in sprinters and untrained participants. In total, 14 sprinters and 24 untrained men participated in this study. Active muscle stiffness in the medial gastrocnemius muscle was calculated based on changes in estimated muscle force and fascicle length during fast stretching after submaximal isometric contractions. Tendon stiffness was determined during isometric plantar flexion using ultrasonography. No significant differences were observed in active muscle stiffness between sprinters and untrained men at any torque levels. Furthermore, no significant difference was noted in tendon stiffness between the two groups. These results suggest that muscle and tendon mechanical properties in the plantar flexors under active conditions are similar in sprinters and untrained participants. 相似文献
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Daisuke Abe Hirokazu Doi Taishi Asai Mayuko Kimura Tadashi Wada Yuusuke Takahashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(4):393-397
Recent studies have shown the contribution of genetic determinants to athletes’ physical ability. However, despite the fact that cognitive abilities like self-control and stress-tolerance influence athletes’ competitive performance, few studies to date have investigated the association between genetic polymorphism, which is linked to cognitive ability and athletic performance. The present study investigated the link between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are known to exert influences on dopaminergic neural function and competitive performance of swimmers. The results have revealed superior competitive performance in competitive swimmers with Met allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism than those with Val/Val genotype. The investigated SNPs of DRD2 and DRD3 were not associated with swimmer’s competitive performance. This finding indicates that genetic polymorphism linked to cognitive ability influences the athletes’ performance. 相似文献
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