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Donata Elschenbroich 《International Journal of Early Years Education》1999,7(3):259-264
This article, written by a researcher on international comparisons of childhood, contends that educational expectations towards preschool education in Germany have been low for over two decades. Particularly in the 1980s, during a period of stable economic growth, policy for the early years of childhood was primarily discussed in terms of child care, in order to allow more mothers to enter the labour market. Recently, however, the educational potential of the early years is being revisited in a lively debate. Since 1996 a German law guarantees every child beyond age 3 the right to attend a kindergarten and entitles parents to choose a kindergarten suited to their needs and to their expectations concerning educational quality. What, however, is meant by ‘educational quality'? The author and a group of childhood researchers and educational journalists investigated beliefs and suggestions for ‘best practice’ in early education (the ‘World knowledge of seven year olds’, 1996‐1999, project based at the Deutsches Jugendinstitut and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Science.) In 150 in‐depth interviews people of all ages, from diverse strata of society and with varied professional experience, outlined their views on what they believe a 7‐year‐old boy or girl should have encountered, learnt to master or to question during their preschool years. The study results in a more tangible notion of what is meant by ‘key qualifications’ and ‘basic skills’ in the early years and how to promote them in a holistic way. 相似文献
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In this article, we compare two recent university reform projects: the Korean Brain Korea 21 project and the German Universities Excellence Initiative. We describe and compare both projects’ goals, selection processes, and preliminary outcomes. While the Korean project is characterized by a relatively high level of political intervention and can be seen as mainly a human resources development program with clearly defined strategic goals, the German tradition of university autonomy is also reflected in the reform project analyzed here. The project goal is more vaguely defined for the German project, but lies mainly in the field of research capacity building. Another key difference is the time horizons in both projects and the resulting incentives for publication and chosen research projects: while the Korean projects are evaluated on a yearly basis, the German projects have a longer time horizon for evaluation. A preliminary evaluation shows that both programs have succeeded in increasing publication output in the respective countries. However, an analysis of the quality of the new publications by, for example, their citation numbers, remains to be done in the future. 相似文献
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In this article we present an empirical analysis of the ‘patterns of cultural choice’ in the musical domain in Italy. The
main goal of the article is to verify whether musical tastes in Italy are diversified, with the presence of a group of ‘cultural
omnivores’. Our study is based on the theoretical model of the demand for cultural goods proposed by Lévy-Garboua and Montmarquette
(1996). In the empirical analysis we simultaneously evaluate the probability of choosing different musical genres. Through the
specification of the set of alternatives into three groupings of musical genres —“only classical music”, “only popular music”
and “all music”—we were able to detect the relative impact of several socio-economic characteristics on the probability of
having “univorous” or “omnivorous” musical likings. In addition, our approach allows us to verify the existence of different
patterns of music consumption by testing the significance of differences among the estimated coefficients of the probability
functions related to the three groupings of musical genres. We find that age, gender and education are important predictors
of an omnivorous taste.
相似文献
| Carlofilippo FrateschiEmail: |
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