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Reading and Writing - We examined the longitudinal contribution of awareness of inflections and derivations to reading comprehension in Arabic, a morphologically rich language, among 734 second... 相似文献
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The study tested phonemic awareness in the two languages of Russian (L1)–Hebrew (L2) sequential bilingual children (N = 20) using phoneme deletion tasks where the phoneme to be deleted occurred word initial, word final, as a singleton, or part of a cluster, in long and short words and stressed and unstressed syllables. The experiments were designed to test the effect of four linguistic factors on children’s phoneme deletion: phoneme position (initial, final), linguistic context (singleton, cluster), word length and stress. The results indicated that word length and stress confirmed previous findings in other languages demonstrating the universal validity of these factors. However, phoneme position and linguistic context gave rise to novel findings in the languages studied and provided evidence for language-specific effects on phonemic awareness reflecting onset-rime versus body-coda syllable structure differences. The results are discussed within the framework of universal versus language-specific constraints on phonemic awareness performance in different languages. 相似文献
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The Role of Gender-related Information and Self-Endorsement of Traits in Preadolescents' Inferences and Judgments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thalma E. Lobel Janine Bempechat Jonathan C. Gewirtz Tamar Shoken-Topaz Elinor Bashe 《Child development》1993,64(4):1285-1294
The major purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a target child's gender typicality on different aspects of preadolescents' inferences and judgments. The secondary purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between children's self-endorsement of traits and their inferences and judgments. Fifth and sixth graders were shown a video film, portraying a child playing either a gender-appropriate game with members of the same sex or a gender-inappropriate game with members of the other sex. In addition, subjects completed an adapted version of the BSRI and were categorized into sex-typed, androgynous, and undifferentiated subjects. Subjects made a number of different types of judgments and inferences about the target, including inferences about traits, popularity, choice of gift and name, and willingness to engage in activities with the target. All types of inferences and judgments were affected by the variations in the targets' gender-related behaviors, whereas self-endorsement of traits was not related to the inferences and judgments. The results suggest that the gender typicality of the target behavior is salient to preadolescents, regardless of their sex-role orientation. 相似文献
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>For a variety of reasons, psychological services are largely unavailable for older people who want help in coping with their interpersonal problems. Group counseling, when it is used, proves to be an effective and efficient method for meeting their needs. It also addresses the reality of the limited numbers of gerontologically trained professionals currently available in the field. A readily attainable, and largely untapped, resource for working with this population is older people themselves. The Continuum Center of Oakland University selects, trains, and supervises older men and women, who serve as paraprofessional group leaders in a self‐exploration program offered in a variety of community centers in the Detroit metropolitan area. The service and training programs, and some of the outcomes for clients and group leaders, are briefly described. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTZoos and aquariums are popular visitor destinations, with around 30 million visits made to them annually throughout the UK and Ireland. The role and mission of modern zoos have evolved, with the conservation of world’s remaining biodiversity now being their major purpose. They seek to aid biodiversity through a combination of public education, in situ and ex situ conservation programmes, and applied scientific research. Directly relevant to this paper, they are also institutions that actively recruit, attract and utilise volunteers. However, the impacts of volunteering in zoos and aquariums, on the volunteers themselves, are under-researched. Here we show that, in a survey of more than 500 volunteers at 19 different zoological collections in the UK, zoo volunteers report positive impacts, specifically in relation to increases in their human and social capital. We also found that these benefits were more pronounced in younger volunteers, and with those volunteers who received more initial training. We conclude that while volunteering in UK zoos correlates with significant personal benefits to individuals, zoos could aim higher and should seek to do more to maximise the positive effects of connecting volunteers with the wildlife and nature found in zoo settings, as well as tailoring their volunteer training programmes for different age groups. 相似文献
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The present study examined cross-linguistic relationships between phonological awareness in L1 (Hebrew) and L2 (English) among
normal (N = 30) and reading disabled (N = 30) Hebrew native speaking college students. Further, it tested the effect of two factors: the lexical status of the stimulus
word (real word vs. pseudoword) and the linguistic affiliation of the target phoneme (whether it is within L1 or L2) on phonological
awareness. Three parallel experimental phonological awareness tasks were developed in both languages: phoneme isolation, full
segmentation, and phoneme deletion. As expected, the results revealed lower levels of phonological awareness in the L2 than
in the L1, and in the reading disabled than in the normal reader group. The lexical status of the target word was a reliable
factor predicting individual differences in phonological awareness in L2. It was also found that the linguistic affiliation
of the target phoneme was a reliable factor in predicting L2 phonological awareness performance in both reader groups. The
results are discussed within the framework of phonological representation and language-specific linguistic constraints on
phonological awareness. 相似文献
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Hanna C. Gustafsson Anna S. Young Olivia Doyle Bonnie J. Nagel Kristen Mackiewicz Seghete Joel T. Nigg Elinor L. Sullivan Alice M. Graham 《Child development》2021,92(5):e749-e763
This study sought to advance understanding of the potential long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for child development by characterizing trajectories of maternal perinatal depression, a common and significant risk factor for adverse child outcomes. Data came from 393 women (86% White, 8% Latina; mean age = 33.51 years) recruited during pregnancy (n = 247; mean gestational age = 22.94 weeks) or during the first year postpartum (n = 146; mean child age = 4.50 months; 55% female). Rates of depression appear elevated, relative to published reports and to a pre-pandemic comparison group (N = 155). This study also provides evidence for subgroups of individuals who differ in their depressive symptom trajectories over the perinatal period. Subgroup membership was related to differences in maternal social support, but not to child birth outcomes. 相似文献
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This study explored the influence of residency status (outsider) and prior cross-cultural experiences on how the neighborhoods
of students are perceived by future teachers. The study participants consisted of 18 graduate teacher education mentors and
their 18 high school mentees. The data sources included 820 black and white photographs and 82 photo captions generated by
the study participants, mentee/mentor group discussions, and the graduate students’ weekly reflective journals, bi-weekly
facilitated discussions and peer debriefings. The study found that subconscious realities based on prior cross-cultural experiences
(or the lack thereof) are more significant factors than residency status when making value judgment about the neighborhoods
of “others.”
Elinor L. Brown is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Kentucky, 311 Dickey
Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0017 相似文献