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Phenomenography — Describing conceptions of the world around us 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Ference Marton 《Instructional Science》1981,10(2):177-200
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On the unit of description in phenomenography 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Ference Marton 《Higher Education》1972,1(1):93-109
During a three-year period of co-operation between the English Department and the Institute of Educational Research at the University of Gothenburg, studies have been made with a view to clarifying a definition of the objectives of English language courses and improving methods of teaching and testing English language proficiency at university level. Considerable success was achieved in the construction of a test battery by means of which a reliable and comprehensive measure could be arrived at of students' written and oral proficiency. By the aid of these tests one could also define with a reasonable degree of accuracy the requirements for a normal course of study.Since the level of proficiency at entrance emerges as the principal determinant of the level exhibited a year later, the author argues that the specification of objectives (for language proficiency) should take account not only of the terminal level but also of the initial level.
The autor wishes to thank Professor Alvar Ellegård, Dr. Sigvard Gårdmark, and Dr. David Wright for their most valuable comments. 相似文献
Résumé Au travers d'une coopération de trois ans entre le Département d'anglais et l'Institut de recherche sur l'éducation à l'Université de Gothenburg, ont été réalisées un certain nombre d'études dans le but de clarifier les objectifs des cours de langue anglaise, d'améliorer les méthodes d'enseignement et d'éprouver la compétence dans cette langue au niveau universitaire. On a réussi à mettre au point une série de tests, grâce auxquels on pourrait procéder à une mesure adéquate et sûre de la compétence écrite et orale des étudiants. A l'aide de ces tests on pourrait aussi déterminer avec assez de précision les besoins auxquels devrait répondre un cours normal.Puisque le niveau de compétence existant au départ parait constituer le déterminant principal du niveau atteint un an plus tard, l'auteur soutient que la spécification des objectifs (pour la compétence dans la langue) devrait prendre en compte non seulement le viveau final mais aussi le niveau initial.
The autor wishes to thank Professor Alvar Ellegård, Dr. Sigvard Gårdmark, and Dr. David Wright for their most valuable comments. 相似文献
4.
Martončik Marcel Kačmárová Monika Hruščová Eva Magáčová Žilková Ivana Kravcová Michaela 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2020,20(3):543-565
The underlying calculus assumption of Holland’s theory was tested in two samples of primary school students (N1 = 400 and N2 = 250) with an average age of 13.86 and 14.14 years, respectively. Both exploratory and confirmatory multidimensional scaling and Hubert and Arabie’s randomization test of hypothesized order relations were calculated. The circular spatial arrangement of RIASEC types was not confirmed in either of the two samples. The study discusses possible causes of the inappropriateness of using Holland’s model in an adolescent sample.
相似文献5.
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Conceptions of research in student learning 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
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本研究旨在运用变易理论来考察学生自主学习和教师帮助之间的关系问题.使用的教学方法是这样的:教师首先使用具体事例,然后讲授原理.其中在使用具体事例时有两种方法.第一种是,学生学习两方面属性同时不同的事例.第二种是,学生先是学习只有一方面属性不同的事例,接着学习只有另一方面属性不同的事例,最后学习两方面属性同时不同的事例.在这之后的讲授是一样的,教师教学生如何系统地解决这一类问题.在第一种方法中,学生更多地掌控了自身的学习,而在第二种方法中,教师通过教学设计来帮助学生学习.这个研究最重要的启示是在讨论教学中教师和学生各自对学习的贡献时,我们可能需要做出更细致的区分.问题不在于谁应该主动谁应该被动,而在于教师应该做什么(创造学习的必要条件)以及学生应该做什么(使用学习的必要条件). 相似文献
8.
Intuition was one of the four key themes for science education that emerged from the Woods Hole Conference in 1957. Despite
the considerable influence of this conference on a generation of curriculum projects the intuition theme was almost completely
ignored. Recent studies of intuition, including an analysis of Nobel laureates' views of scientific intuition, are considered.
This enables several conceptions of the nature and role of intuition in science to be defined, and its importance to be assessed.
The assumption that it is also important in science education is examined by considering conditions in science teaching and
learning that may encourage intuitive thinking in the light of current research developments that could lead to a new agenda
for school science.
Specializations: science and technology curriculum, environmental education, educational disadvantage.
Specializations: phenomenography, ways of knowing, higher education—teaching and learning. 相似文献
9.
Two studies are reported in this paper. The object of learning in both is the economic principle of changes in price as a function of changes in the relative magnitude of changes in demand and supply. The patterns of variation and invariance, defining the conditions compared were built into pedagogical tools (text, graphs, and worksheets). The first study is the latest in a series of studies aiming to test the fundamental conjecture of the Variation Theory of Learning that new meanings are acquired from experiencing differences against a background of sameness, rather than experiencing sameness against a background of differences. The study compares the learning outcomes under conditions consistent with the basic conjecture with the learning outcomes under conditions not consistent with the theory. The results support the conjecture. The second study shows, however, that the conditions that are consistent with the theory cannot be decided unless the learners’ pre-requisites for the task in question are taken into consideration. One set of the pedagogical tools was found to be highly effective for learners with a better initial grasp of the object of learning, while another set was found to be equally effective for learners with a weaker initial grasp of the object of learning. The two sets were equally ineffective when used for the “wrong” group of learners. 相似文献
10.
There is no learning without discernment. And there is no discernment without variation. If good teaching is about making learning possible, how do good teachers help students experience variation? In this paper, we argue that they constitute a space of learning which contains those aspects of the object of learning that are subject to variation simultaneously. For learning to occur, whether it be in the formal learning contexts established by these teachers, or in the less formal contexts of participation in social practices, there must necessarily be a certain pattern of variation present to experience, and this pattern must be experienced. 相似文献