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1.
Barbara R. Foorman Yaacov Petscher Christopher Stanley Adrea Truckenmiller 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2017,10(3):619-645
The objective of this study was to determine the latent profiles of reading and language skills that characterized 7,752 students in kindergarten through tenth grade and to relate the profiles to norm-referenced reading outcomes. Reading and language skills were assessed with a computer-adaptive assessment administered in the middle of the year and reading outcome measures were administered at the end of the year. Three measures of reading comprehension were administered in third through tenth grades to create a latent variable. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted on the reading and language measures and related to reading outcomes in multiple regression analyses. Within-grade multiple regressions were subjected to a linear step-up correction to guard against false-discovery rate. LPA results revealed five to six profiles in the elementary grades and three in the secondary grades that were strongly related to standardized reading outcomes, with average absolute between-profile effect sizes ranging from 1.10 to 2.53. The profiles in the secondary grades followed a high, medium, and low pattern. Profiles in the elementary grades revealed more heterogeneity, suggestive of strategies for differentiating instruction. 相似文献
2.
Kimberly J. O&#x;Malley David J. Francis Barbara R. Foorman Jack M. Fletcher Paul R. Swank 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2002,17(1):19-34
Poor readers who met low achievement and IQ‐discrepancy definitions of reading disability were compared with nonimpaired readers on their development of eight precursor and reading‐related skills to evaluate developmental differences prior to students’ identification as reading disabled. Results indicated no evidence for differences between the two groups of poor readers in the development of the eight skills, with three exceptions. Students in the IQ‐discrepant group demonstrated greater growth in letter sound knowledge, greater mean performance in visual‐motor integration at the beginning of first grade, and greater deceleration in rapid naming of letters. When compared to the nonimpaired group, low‐achieving readers demonstrated poorer performance and development in all skills, while the IQ‐discrepant readers demonstrated poorer performance and development in phonemic awareness, rapid naming of letters and objects, spelling, and word reading. The largely null results for comparisons between the two groups of poor readers challenges the validity of the two‐group classification of reading disabilities based on IQ‐discrepancy. 相似文献
3.
This study utilized early reading assessment data from a randomized trial of 210 urban and rural schools in Texas to examine
contextual effects on risk prediction in first and second grade. The primary objective was to examine the roles of (a) individual
differences, (b) the grade 1 classroom, and (c) the pairing of first and second grade teachers in determining grade 2 outcomes
in word reading and fluency. A second objective was to investigate whether the administration format of the assessment (paper,
paper plus desktop, handheld plus desktop) or the level of teacher support (web mentoring, no mentoring) moderated the prediction.
These moderator variables proved not to be significant. Subsequent analyses found that a combination of student pretest and
mean of pretest classroom was a better predictor than student pretest alone. Additionally, the effect of student scores varied
by teacher-pair. On average, intraclass correlations (ICCs) ranged from 6% to 17%. Differences in ICCs at the classroom level
were much greater than at the school level, and differences in urban schools were twice that of rural schools. 相似文献
4.
In order to investigate the relation between reading accuracy and speech processing, 20 children from grades 2 and 3 who were
skilled in reading were compared with 20 less skilled readers on a speech perception and production task. The two groups of
readers were indistinguishable in their production of the two-syllable words dippy, deepy, tippy, and teepy and in their perception
of the stop consonants /d/ versus /t/. Less skilled readers were significantly less accurate than the skilled readers in a
vowel identification task involving the lax and tense high vowels /i/ and /i/. The error pattern for vowel identification was similar across groups, with both groups making fewer errors when
short and longer segments were alternated. The results imply that vowel phonemes are less securely represented in the perceptual
system of less skilled readers than are consonant phonemes. In addition, the results raise the possibility that a selective
perceptual impairment underlies at least some of the phonemic awareness problems that have been associated with poor reading. 相似文献
5.
This study examined the contributions of vocabulary and spelling to the reading comprehension of students in grades 6–10 who were and were not classified as English language learners. Results indicate that vocabulary accounted for greater between-grade differences and unique variance (ΔR 2 = .11–.31) in comprehension as compared to spelling (ΔR 2 = .01–.09). However, the contribution of spelling to comprehension was higher in the upper grade levels included in this cross-sectional analysis and functioned as a mediator of the impact of vocabulary knowledge at all levels. The direct effect of vocabulary was strong but lower in magnitude at each successive grade level from .58 in grade 6 to .41 in grade 10 while the indirect effect through spelling increased in magnitude at each successive grade level from .09 in grade 6 to .16 in grade 10. There were no significant differences between the language groups in the magnitude of the indirect impact, suggesting both groups of students relied more on both sources of lexical information in higher grades as compared to students in lower grades. 相似文献
6.
The article by Speece (in this issue) underscores the disappointing accuracy results of early screening for reading difficulties and argues that development conceptualized as rate of learning matters. We respond by emphasizing three points. First, the purpose of early screening could be identifying students not at risk so that instructional objectives can be established for students potentially at risk. Second, monitoring progress in mastering the alphabetic principle is reflected in item-based learning. Third, response to instruction is multilevel and contextualized. These points are illustrated with data from an early reading assessment used widely in Texas and from high-performing/high-poverty schools in Texas that serve as models of multitiered instruction. 相似文献
7.
The impact of instructional practices in Grades 1 and 2 on reading and spelling achievement in high poverty schools 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Barbara R. Foorman Christopher Schatschneider Michelle N. Eakin Jack M. Fletcher Louisa C. Moats David J. Francis 《Contemporary educational psychology》2006
The objective of this investigation was to examine how instructional practices in 107 first- and second-grade classrooms in 17 high poverty schools moderate the impact on literacy outcomes of literacy-related skills students bring to the classroom. Ratings of teaching effectiveness and time allocation to literacy activities were obtained. Twenty time allocation variables were reduced into seven patterns of literacy activities that were examined as predictors of reading and spelling outcomes. Students’ initial reading ability and interactions of teaching effectiveness ratings by time allocation components predicted reading and spelling outcomes. Discussion centers on immutable versus flexible views of reading development and analytic approaches to examining instructional practices. 相似文献
8.
At the beginning of the school year, 80 first graders, half receiving phonics instruction and half receiving whole word instruction, were asked to spell, read aloud, and recognize 60 regular and exception words. A standardized reading test and phoneme segmentation test were also administered. Those above grade level in reading excelled in phonological recording and application of grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules and were weaker in utilization of visual-orthographic knowledge. Those below grade level applied visual more than phonological coding and benefited from the visual-orthographic knowledge available in a clue word. Results support a continuum of visual and phonological analysis skills in first-grade reading consistent with Frith's (1985) logographic, alphabetic, and orthographic skill levels. 相似文献
10.
Measuring teachers’ content knowledge of language and reading 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the context of a longitudinal, four-year study of reading instruction in low-performing, high-poverty urban schools, we
surveyed teacher knowledge of reading-related concepts, and established a modest predictive relationship between teachers’
knowledge, classroom reading achievement levels, and teachers’ observed teaching competence. There were significant associations
among these variables at the third and fourth grade levels. To obtain this result, measures of teacher content knowledge in
language and reading were refined in a three-stage process. Our purpose was to explore the type and level of questions that
would begin to discriminate more capable from less capable teachers, and that would have a predictive relationship with student
reading achievement outcomes. After experimenting with measurement of K-2 teachers’ content knowledge (Form #1), we piloted
a Teacher Knowledge Survey with 41 second and third grade teachers in one study site (Form #2). We then refined and expanded
the Survey (Form #3) and administered it to 103 third and fourth grade teachers in both project sites. Teachers’ misconceptions
about sounds, words, sentences, and principles of instruction were pinpointed so that professional development could address
teachers’ needs for insight and information about language structure and student learning. 相似文献