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The early stages of empathy in counseling—emotional reaction, role-taking, and cognitive suspension—have all been largely ignored in the counselor education/psychological literature. This article describes these stages from the perspective of the aesthetic/film literatures. Emotional reaction is an internal, unobservable state of being. Role-taking involves cognitive understanding and entering the perceptual world of another. Cognitive suspension means letting go of personal beliefs and values. The film literature describes how audience emotional states are created by directors, writers, actors, and editors. This article explains how counselor educators and supervisors can use this information to help counselors increase their empathic experiences. 相似文献
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The authors explore the effects of counseling action skills on cognitive processing by female participants in an analog study. Reflection of feeling was found to elicit defensiveness. 相似文献
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GERALD L. STONE 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1975,14(3):199-203
The major purpose of this investigation was to develop a program for teaching a specific counselor verbal skill and to examine the effect of simulation methods within the program. The program consisted of model, practice, and test phases. High and low fidelity methods were used within each phase. Sixty-four counselor trainees were randomly assigned to the 16 treatment groups. The low fidelity composite treatment was the least effective. Results are discussed in terms of training and future research. 相似文献
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This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between acquisition of counseling skills and trainee attitude towards psychological counseling. Results are discussed within the context of a mediational approach to counselor development. 相似文献
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GERALD A. JUHNKE 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1996,36(1):48-57
A practical supervision approach is described in which supervisees are encouraged to use their existing strengths and resources to promote solutions and resolve counseling concerns. 相似文献