排序方式： 共有17条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Designing Instructional Examples to Reduce Intrinsic Cognitive Load: Molar versus Modular Presentation of Solution Procedures 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
It is usually assumed that successful problemsolving in knowledge-rich domains depends onthe availability of abstract problem-typeschemas whose acquisition can be supported bypresenting students with worked examples.Conventionally designed worked examples oftenfocus on information that is related to themain components of problem-type schemas, namelyon information related to problem-categorymembership, structural task features, andcategory-specific solution procedures. However,studying these examples might be cognitivelydemanding because it requires learners tosimultaneously hold active a substantial amountof information in working memory. In ourresearch, we try to reduce intrinsic cognitiveload in example-based learning by shifting thelevel of presenting and explaining solutionprocedures from a `molar' view – that focuseson problem categories and their associatedoverall solution procedures – to a more`modular' view where complex solutions arebroken down into smaller meaningful solutionelements that can be conveyed separately. Wereview findings from five of our own studiesthat yield evidence for the fact thatprocessing modular examples is associated witha lower degree of intrinsic cognitive load andthus, improves learning. 相似文献
2.
Jessica Kornmann Ingo Zettler Yvonne Kammerer Peter Gerjets Ulrich Trautwein 《High Ability Studies》2015,26(1):75-92
Teacher nominations are often used in school settings to identify gifted children. However, although high intelligence is part of almost all definitions of giftedness, prior research has consistently shown that not all children nominated as gifted by teachers have high intelligence. In order to further understand the characteristics of these students, we herein explore the role of another cognitive construct, namely working memory (WM). In a sample comprising N = 81 fourth graders, both WM and intelligence showed the same predictive value for characterizing teacher-nominated gifted children, pointing to the importance of the thus-far-unattended WM for characterizing these students. 相似文献
3.
Schwerter Jakob Wortha Franz Gerjets Peter 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2022,70(3):713-736
Educational technology research and development - E-learning opportunities have become an increasingly important component of university education. Various laboratory studies have shown that... 相似文献
4.
The impact of learner characteristics on information utilization strategies, cognitive load experienced, and performance in hypermedia learning 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Katharina Scheiter Peter Gerjets Brigitte Vollmann Richard Catrambone 《Learning and Instruction》2009,19(5):387-401
Against the background of an adaptation of Cognitive Load Theory to learner-controlled settings we investigated the impact of learner characteristics on information utilization strategies, cognitive load, and learning outcomes in a hypermedia environment. Based on the data of 79 students, five clusters of students were identified according to their learner characteristics by means of a cluster analysis. Further analyses showed that learners with more favorable characteristics (i.e., higher prior knowledge, more complex epistemological beliefs, more positive attitudes towards mathematics, better cognitive and metacognitive strategy use) tended to show a more adaptive example utilization behavior, reported less cognitive load, and solved more problems correctly than learners with less favorable characteristics. 相似文献
5.
Birgit Imhof Katharina ScheiterJörg Edelmann Peter Gerjets 《Learning and Instruction》2012,22(3):193-205
Two studies investigated the effectiveness of dynamic and static visualizations for a perceptual learning task (locomotion pattern classification). In Study 1, seventy-five students viewed either dynamic, static-sequential, or static-simultaneous visualizations. For tasks of intermediate difficulty, dynamic visualizations led to better classification performance than static-sequential visualizations, but not than static-simultaneous visualizations. To test whether the temporal aspects of presenting static-simultaneous visualizations (i.e., their permanent visibility) or their spatial aspects (i.e., their arrangement in rows) accounted for this effect, Study 2 investigated three additional static-simultaneous conditions. Seventy-five students viewed static-simultaneous visualizations presented either in columns, matrices, or circles. For tasks of intermediate difficulty dynamic visualizations outperformed pictures presented in columns, matrices, and circles, but not the rows format. Accordingly, for learning about locomotion patterns, dynamic visualizations are better suited than most, but not all static visualization formats. From a practical point of view, effort should be invested into the design of static-simultaneous visualizations to further optimize instructional materials. 相似文献
6.
Halszka Jarodzka Thomas Balslev Kenneth Holmqvist Marcus Nystr?m Katharina Scheiter Peter Gerjets Berit Eika 《Instructional Science》2012,40(5):813-827
Complex perceptual tasks, like clinical reasoning based on visual observations of patients, require not only conceptual knowledge about diagnostic classes but also the skills to visually search for symptoms and interpret these observations. However, medical education so far has focused very little on how visual observation skills can be efficiently conveyed to novices. The current study applied a novel instructional method to teach these skills by showing the learners how an expert model visually searches and interprets symptoms (i.e., eye-movement modelling examples; EMMEs). Case videos of patients were verbally explained by a model (control condition) and presented to students. In the experimental conditions, the participants received a recording of the model’s eye movements superimposed on the case videos. The eye movements were displayed by either highlighting the features the model focused on with a circle (the circle condition) or by blurring the features the model did not focus on (the spotlight condition). Compared to the other two conditions, results show that a spotlight on the case videos better guides the students’ attention towards the relevant features. Moreover, when testing the students’ clinical reasoning skills with videos of new patient cases without any guidance, participants studying EMMEs with a spotlight showed improved their visual search and enhanced interpretation performance of the symptoms in contrast to participants in either the circle or the control condition. These findings show that a spotlight EMME can successfully convey clinical reasoning based on visual observations. 相似文献
7.
Current cognitive multimedia design theories provide several guidelines on how to integrate verbal and pictorial information.
However, the recommendations for the design of auditory texts (narrations) are still fragmentary, especially with regard to
the characteristics of the voices used. In the current paper, a fundamental question is addressed, namely, whether to use
a male or a female speaker. In two experiments, learners studied dynamic visualizations on probability theory that were accompanied
by narrations. The learner’s gender and the speaker’s gender served as between-subjects variables. In the first study, learners
were randomly assigned to speakers of different gender. In the second study, learners could choose among different speakers.
The results show that learners achieved better learning outcomes when the narration was presented by a female speaker rather
than a male speaker irrespective of the learner’s gender (speaker/gender effect). Being given the choice, learners preferred
female speakers, but this individual preference had no impact on learning outcomes. The results suggest augmenting purely
cognitive approaches to multimedia design by social-motivational assumptions. 相似文献
8.
Halszka Jarodzka Katharina Scheiter Peter Gerjets Tamara van Gog 《Learning and Instruction》2010,20(2):146-154
Tasks with a complex, dynamic visual component require not only the acquisition of conceptual/procedural but also of perceptual/attentional skills. This study examined expertise differences in perceiving and interpreting complex, dynamic visual stimuli on a performance and on a process level, including perceptual and conceptual strategies. Performance, eye movement, and verbal report data were obtained from seven experts and 14 novices. Results show that experts compared to novices attend more to relevant aspects of the stimulus, use more heterogeneous task approaches, and use knowledge-based shortcuts. Implications for instructional design for the acquisition of perceptual skills are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Animations have become a ubiquitous component of computer-based instruction. Despite their widespread use, however, the evidence
concerning their effects on learning is rather ambiguous, suggesting that one needs to have a closer look at the conditions
under which animations will aid learning. Accordingly, three sets of moderating variables were identified: (1) the degree
of processing support that is used to enhance learning with animation, (2) the context in which the animation is being used
(e.g., laboratory setting versus classroom), and (3) the domain that is illustrated by the animation. On the one hand, the
studies reported in the current special issue investigate manipulations of these variables. On the other hand, the studies
vary among each other with respect to these factors, thereby reflecting the enlarged range of current animation research. 相似文献
10.
In this paper the augmentation of worked examples with animations for teaching problem-solving skills in mathematics is advocated
as an effective instructional method. First, in a cognitive task analysis different knowledge prerequisites are identified
for solving mathematical word problems. Second, it is argued that so called hybrid animations would be most effective for
acquiring these prerequisites, because they show the continuous transition from a concrete, but superficial problem representation
to a more abstract, mathematical problem model that forms a basis for solving a problem. An experiment was conducted, where
N = 32 pupils from a German high school studied either only text-based worked examples explaining different problem categories
from the domain of algebra or worked examples augmented with hybrid animations. Learners with hybrid animations showed superior
problem-solving performance for problems of different transfer distance relative to those in the text-only condition. 相似文献