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A statistical relationship between student affect and student achievement is routinely observed—students who like a particular subject also tend to do well in that subject. Theory suggests that the underlying causality is a mutual influence relationship in which affect influences, and is influenced by, achievement. Published analyses, however, usually assume a unidirectional influence—affect influences achievement. To the extent that the latter assumption is an over‐simplification, as theory suggests it is, then current understandings of the importance of affect for achievement are probably in error to some degree. The analyses reported here take a position consistent with theory to model the underlying causality of the relationship between affect and achievement as bidirectional. To this end, the present analyses formulate a non‐recursive structural equation model which specifies affect and achievement as influences on each other. This model is estimated separately for each of 23 nations, 19 of which are members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). All 23 nations participated in the OECD‐sponsored Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), a programme whose focus is national achievement levels in populations of 15‐year‐olds. The results of these analyses lend support to the proposition that affect and performance exist in a mutual influence relationship, though the nature of this relationship varies between countries. 相似文献
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Elizabeth A. Riley Gomathi Sitharthan Lindy Clemson Milton Diamond 《Sex education》2013,13(6):644-659
Gender variance confronts widely held assumptions that children born as males will act like ‘boys’ and children born as females will act like ‘girls’. This imposed binary has the effect of perpetuating negativity towards people who express themselves with gendered variations in attire, behaviour or preferences. Despite the existence of gender-variant individuals in every culture and throughout time, many people are unaware that diversity in gender expression and sexual formation is a naturally occurring phenomenon. This qualitative study aimed to establish the needs of gender-variant children and their parents in order to inform education programmes, policies and clinical approaches to gender variance. Three Internet surveys were conducted to explore the experiences of parents raising gender-variant children, the childhood experiences of transgender adults and the views of professionals who work with the transgender community. The needs of gender-variant children emerged in terms of the need for information, peer contact, personal gender expression, safety, and to be heard and accepted by their parents. The most common needs for parents were for information (stories from other parents, research and guidelines; peer support) and educational resources for schools, professionals and local communities. The paper provides comparisons between the three participant groups and recommendations for future research. 相似文献
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Private schools and the millennium development goal of universal primary education: a census and comparative survey in Hyderabad,India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Development literature suggests that private schools serving the poor are not part of the solution to meeting the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of universal primary education. The study conducted a census and survey of schools in notified slums of Hyderabad, India, to contribute to the sparse literature on the nature and extent of private schools for the poor. Of 918 schools found, 60% were found to be private unaided (PUA), enrolling about 65% of total enrolment. On a range of indicators, including pupil–teacher ratio, teaching activity, teacher absenteeism, and classroom and school inputs such as blackboards, desks, chairs, toilets and drinking water, PUA (including unrecognised) schools were found to be superior to government schools. Objections to a role for private schools in meeting the MDG target are explored and challenged. 相似文献
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D. Gomathi M. Kalaiselvi G. Ravikumar K. Devaki C. Uma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(2):221-226
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders. Dual endocrine deficits of impaired insulin action (insulin resistance) and inadequate insulin secretion create an environment of chronic hyperglycemia and general metabolic disarray. Oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic pathogenesis. Oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin (STZ) has been shown to damage pancreatic beta cell and produce hyperglycemia in rats. The present study was made to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of the Evolvulus alsinoides in STZ induced rats. The antioxidant activities were done by using standard protocols. For histopathological analysis, the pancreatic tissues of all experimental groups were fixed with 10 % formalin for 24 h then the samples were stained with hematoxylin–eosin for the microscopic observation. Our results showed the significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and increases in the antioxidant (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) levels after treatment with standard as well as the E. alsinoides. There is no significant difference between control and plant alone group rats. The histopathology reports also revealed non-toxic effect and protective effect of E. alsinoides in the kidney of STZ induced diabetic rats. Our result indicated that the E. alsinoides extract effectively increased the antioxidant level thereby it prevents oxidative stress during diabetes mellitus and also it showed the protective effect on kidney of STZ induced rats. Hence it can be used to maintain the antioxidant level during diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
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