Interactions of numerical and temporal stimulus characteristics on the control of response location by brief flashes of light     

Fetterman JG  Killeen PR 《Learning & behavior》2011,39(3):191-201

Pigeons pecked on three keys, responses to one of which could be reinforced after 3 flashes of the houselight, to a second key after 6, and to a third key after 12. The flashes were arranged according to variable-interval schedules. Response allocation among the keys was a function of the number of flashes. When flashes were omitted, transitions occurred very late. Increasing flash duration produced a leftward shift in the transitions along a number axis. Increasing reinforcement probability produced a leftward shift, and decreasing reinforcement probability produced a rightward shift. Intermixing different flash rates within sessions separated allocations: Faster flash rates shifted the functions sooner in real time, but later in terms of flash count, and conversely for slower flash rates. A model of control by fading memories of number and time was proposed.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Beverly J. Irby  Jennifer Boswell  Kimberly Kappler Hewitt  Shinhee Jeong  Elisabeth Pugliese 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2019,27(1):1-4

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Modeling of Light-Induced Changes in Reflectance Spectra: A Predictive Tool for the Effect of an Arbitrary Spectral Irradiance     

Beate Villmann  Gregor Peltri 《文物保护研究》2019,64(1):54-61

Optical radiation is capable of altering the spectral reflectance of layers of colorants. Light damage is of particular importance in respect to unique historical objects in exhibitions. The major parameter governing this process is the spectral irradiance applied to the surface. As this may vary significantly for different light sources, an experimental investigation of the damage potential of the numerous illuminants available is a cumbersome task. In this work a numerical algorithm for the prediction of modifications of the spectral reflectance of colorants subject to a given arbitrary spectral irradiance over a given time is presented. It uses the temporal evolution of the spectral reflectance of the dye or pigment at issue when irradiated by a set of narrowband light sources as input data. The predicted reflectance spectra and the resulting color changes are compared to those measured for samples irradiated with common polychromatic light sources. The concept described in this work aims at the implementation of a standardized procedure and database for the prediction of radiative damage for a comprehensive range of pigments and dyes.  相似文献   

采用EMDR 技术对消极表现经历的情绪再加工     

格来格尔·库恩 《天津体育学院学报》2008,23(3):193-193

许多运动员在他们的职业生涯中都经历过在特定情境中承受反复的身心障碍(如恐惧对手,所谓的"不堪一击",双腿灌铅).原因是频繁的压抑:一种影响比赛的关键动作发挥的神经紧张状态.在很多个案中潜在焦虑过程导致的压抑源于一个消极比赛经验(如比赛中糟糕的一天或一连串糟糕的日子).  相似文献   

1. Manuel Castells: Das Informationszeitalter I. Der Aufstieg der Netzwerkgesellschaft.; Das Informationszeitalter II. Die Macht der Identität.; Das Informationszeitalter III. Jahrtausendwende     

Gregor Lang-Wojtasik 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2003,6(2):291-295

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SeeWord—a personal word processing environment for dyslexic computer users     

Peter Gregor  Anna Dickinson  Alison Macaffer  Peter Andreasen 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2003,34(3):341-355

SeeWord is a highly configurable word processing environment, which assists dyslexic users when producing and reading text. The software was developed using a user-centred development cycle where user feedback contributed to each revision. Evaluations showed that users were able to find individualised combinations of settings using the specialised software, which they used in preference to the black-on-white text that is usually displayed on computer monitors. Three separate prototypes of the software were developed and evaluated. The third prototype was used in an experimental study with 6 dyslexic school pupils. The research showed that 5 out of the 6 dyslexic users aged 14–16 years benefited from the use of specialised software when reading text from a computer screen. Participants were able to read standard texts from a screen significantly more accurately with the aid of SeeWord. All participants reported that they felt they could read text from the screen better using the software. The results suggest that a larger scale evaluation of the software would provide valuable information about problems associated with computer use by people with dyslexia. A further study into the visual processes involved in dyslexia would also be of great value.  相似文献   

A political history of playing fields: the provision of sporting facilities for Africans in the Johannesburg area to 1948     

Alan Gregor Cobley 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(2):212-230

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I want to be a scientist/a teacher: students' perceptions of career decision-making in gender-typed,non-traditional areas of work     

Christine Bieri Buschor  Christa Kappler  Andrea Keck Frei  Simone Berweger 《Gender and education》2014,26(7):743-758

The study examines the career decision-making of Swiss academic high school students opting for a career in a non-traditional, gender-typed area of work during the transition to higher education. Based on a longitudinal study, a qualitative study with 11 female students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and 13 male student teachers was conducted in order to analyse their perceptions of the career decision-making process. They felt supported by their parents and teachers. Women showed a strong sense of identity as future scientists without mentioning specific career goals. Men, by contrast, referred to job security-related considerations and emphasised the importance of role models for their choice. Female students emphasised their status of being ‘unique in a men's world' whereas male student teachers highlighted the role of ‘masculinity in the classroom'.  相似文献   

The Student–Teacher Relationship Scale revisited: Testing factorial structure,measurement invariance and validity criteria in German-speaking samples     

Anne Milatz  Michael Glüer  Elena Harwardt-Heinecke  Gregor Kappler  Lieselotte Ahnert 《Early childhood research quarterly》2014

The Student–Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) is widely used for research in kindergarten and school. The increasing number of applications inside and outside of the U.S. stresses the need to investigate STRS properties, accordingly. The present study used the STRS in German-speaking countries, examining whether (a) the original factor structure is appropriate for a German version, (b) whether applications of a German STRS are invariant across contexts (kindergarten, first and second grade) as well as gender, and (c) whether construct and criterion validity are met. The original STRS was translated into German and filled out by 368 kindergarten and 503 elementary school teachers in Germany and Austria. Observations in kindergartens, student reports in schools, and teacher reports of students’ characteristics served as validity criteria. Results of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) did not confirm the original STRS factor structure. Subsequent exploratory factor analyses on training samples resulted in significant item reductions, followed by further CFAs on validation samples. The bootstrapped results yielded an adjusted three-factor model with subscales indicating satisfying alphas and invariance across context and gender. Construct and criterion validity were met for all subscales of the German STRS based on various criteria from both, observations and reports.  相似文献   

Today's news — tomorrow's context: A dynamic model of news processing     

Hans Mathias Kepplinger  Gregor Daschmann 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(4):548-565

We are proposing a feedback model of news processing, assuming that news reception is guided by media input as well as by existing cognitive structures. However, these structures are in turn shaped by former media coverage. In our study we examine viewers’ processing of TV news, comparing objective news content (content analysis) to subjective meaning of news stories (viewer interviews). Results show that viewers interpret information about new events in the context of past events, themselves mainly a reflection of former media coverage.  相似文献