The effects of synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance     

Simpson SD  Karageorghis CI 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(10):1095-1102

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of motivating and oudeterous (neither motivating nor demotivating) synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance while controlling for the potential confound of pre-performance mood. A panel of volunteer Caucasian males (n = 20; mean age = 20.5 years, s = 1.2) rated the motivational qualities of 32 musical selections using the Brunel Music Rating Inventory-2. An experimental group of volunteer Caucasian males (n = 36; mean age = 20.4 years, s = 1.4) completed three 400-m time trials under conditions of motivational music, oudeterous music, and a no-music control. Pre-performance mood was assessed using the Brunel University Mood Scale (BRUMS). A series of repeated-measures analyses of variance with Bonferroni adjustment revealed no differences in the BRUMS subscales. A repeated-measures analysis of variance on the 400-m times showed a significant effect (F1.24, 42.19 = 10.54, P < 0.001, eta 2 = 0.24) and follow-up pair wise comparisons revealed differences between the synchronous music conditions and the control condition. This finding supported the first research hypothesis, that synchronous music would result in better performance than a no-music control, but not the second hypothesis, that performance in the motivational synchronous music condition would be better than that in the oudeterous condition. It appears that synchronous music can be applied to anaerobic endurance performance among non-elite sports persons with a considerable positive effect.  相似文献   

Process mining applied on library information systems: A case study     

Elia Kouzari  Ioannis Stamelos 《Library & information science research》2018,40(3-4):245-254

Process mining techniques have already been studied in a wide range of sectors, revealing useful information on the processes. In this study, a five-step methodology is applied to an integrated library system (ILS) for the first time. Given two event logs from two different organizations the ILS, a process mining tool is used for process discovery and data analysis. The findings reveal that although both of the organizations were using the same system, there were differences in the activities, sequences, and approaches followed by each one in daily tasks. The results of this kind of analysis can be used to highlight best practices and improve processes. In addition process model comparisons can then be made across various systems and organizations.  相似文献   

Tracing Darwin’s footprint in Greece’s literary milieu     

Costas Mannouris 《Metascience》2016,25(1):75-78

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The effects of static stretching on speed and agility: One or multiple repetition protocols?     

Alexandra Avloniti  Ioannis G. Fatouros  Maria Protopapa  Ioannis Athanailidis  Christina Avloniti 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(4):402-408

Although static stretching (SS) is utilized during warm-up before training and competition, the results about its effects on performance remain controversial. We examined whether performing a stretch of short-to-moderate duration (<60 sec) in a single repetition produces a similar or different effect on speed and agility performance from the effect which is produced while performing the same stretch in multiple repetitions of the same total duration. According to a repeated measurement design, 40 trained males were randomly assigned to either (1) a single repetition group or (2) a multiple repetition group. The participants in each group performed five trials: a control trial (no stretches were performed) and four experimental trials of SS protocols consisting of five exercises performed at either 20 sec (2 × 10 in the second group), 30 sec (3 × 10 in the second group), 40 sec (4 × 10 in the second group) or 60 sec (6 × 10 in the second group) of total duration. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the participants in both group improved their speed performance in response to the 20-sec trial, whereas agility remained unaffected. Data analysis also revealed that the repetition number did not affect speed and agility performance. These data suggest that SS of short duration (<30 sec) may actually improve acute speed performance, whereas SS of moderate duration may not hamper speed and agility performance. Moreover, the effects of SS protocols are related to the total duration of each exercise and not to the number of repetitions in which each exercise is performed.  相似文献   

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) among adolescent athletes     

Lane AM  Harwood C  Terry PC  Karageorghis CI 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(9):803-812

The aim of the present study was to examine the factorial validity of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS; Thomas et al., 1999) among adolescent athletes using confirmatory factor analysis. The TOPS was designed to assess eight psychological strategies used in competition (i.e. activation, automaticity, emotional control, goal-setting, imagery, negative thinking, relaxation and self-talk,) and eight used in practice (the same strategies except negative thinking is replaced by attentional control). National-level athletes (n = 584) completed the 64-item TOPS during training camps. Fit indices provided partial support for the overall measurement model for the competition items (robust comparative fit index = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.88, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05) but minimal support for the training items (robust comparative fit index = 0.86, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.81, root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). For the competition items, the automaticity, goal-setting, relaxation and self-talk scales showed good fit, whereas the activation, emotional control, imagery and negative thinking scales did not. For the practice items, the attentional control, emotional control, goal-setting, imagery and self-talk scales showed good fit, whereas the activation, automaticity and relaxation scales did not. Overall, it appears that the factorial validity of the TOPS for use with adolescents is questionable at present and further development is required.  相似文献   

A grounded theory of young tennis players use of music to manipulate emotional state     

Bishop DT  Karageorghis CI  Loizou G 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2007,29(5):584-607

The main objectives of this study were (a) to elucidate young tennis players' use of music to manipulate emotional states, and (b) to present a model grounded in present data to illustrate this phenomenon and to stimulate further research. Anecdotal evidence suggests that music listening is used regularly by elite athletes as a preperformance strategy, but only limited empirical evidence corroborates such use. Young tennis players (N = 14) were selected purposively for interview and diary data collection. Results indicated that participants consciously selected music to elicit various emotional states; frequently reported consequences of music listening included improved mood, increased arousal, and visual and auditory imagery. The choice of music tracks and the impact of music listening were mediated by a number of factors, including extramusical associations, inspirational lyrics, music properties, and desired emotional state. Implications for the future investigation of preperformance music are discussed.  相似文献   

Transient dipole radiation in an absorbing uniaxial crystal     

Ioannis M. Besieris 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1974,297(4):243-258

The electromagnetic radiation arising from a longitudinally and a transversely oriented magnetic dipole in a dissipative uniaxially anisotropic medium is determined by writing separate equations for the electromagnetic field intensities, and utilizing a spectral representation in the space-time Fourier domain. It is established that explicit, time- dependent, analytical solutions are possible in the case where the permitivity, permeability and conductivity tensors are simultaneously diagonalizable by means of a collineatory transformation, and the permittivity and conductivity tensors are directly proportional to each other.  相似文献   

Psychological effects of rapid weight loss and attitudes towards eating among professional jockeys     

Caulfield MJ  Karageorghis CI 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(9):877-883

We examined the psychological effects of rapid weight loss among a sample of 41 professional jockeys (mean age 30.9 years, s = 7.0). Participants completed the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) to establish the relationships between rapid weight loss, mood, and attitudes towards eating. These instruments were administered on three occasions: at the jockeys' minimal weight (achieved through rapid weight loss), their optimal riding weight (when they were not excessively restricting their weight and felt healthy), and their relaxed weight (when there were no forthcoming light rides or no rides at all). It was hypothesized that when riding at minimal weight, jockeys would record a more negative mood profile compared with scores recorded at optimal or relaxed weights. The same trend was expected for eating attitudes. These hypotheses were supported as jockeys reported significantly more negative mood profiles and eating attitudes at minimal weight. The EAT-26 scores indicated the presence of disordered attitudes towards eating at this weight. These results suggest that jockeys' endeavours to reach the minimum weight limit stipulated by governing bodies are likely to jeopardize their psychological well-being. Dialogue surrounding the appropriateness of current weight regulations is therefore encouraged.  相似文献   

Quadriceps muscle blood flow and oxygen availability during repetitive bouts of isometric exercise in simulated sailing     

Vogiatzis I  Andrianopoulos V  Louvaris Z  Cherouveim E  Spetsioti S  Vasilopoulou M  Athanasopoulos D 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(10):1041-1049

In this study, we wished to determine whether the observed reduction in quadriceps muscle oxygen availability, reported during repetitive bouts of isometric exercise in simulated sailing efforts (i.e. hiking), is because of restricted muscle blood flow. Six national-squad Laser sailors initially performed three successive 3-min hiking bouts followed by three successive 3-min cycling tests sustained at constant intensities reproducing the cardiac output recorded during each of the three hiking bouts. The blood flow index (BFI) was determined from assessment of the vastus lateralis using near-infrared spectroscopy in association with the light-absorbing tracer indocyanine green dye, while cardiac output was determined from impedance cardiography. At equivalent cardiac outputs (ranging from 10.3±0.5 to 14.8±0.86 L · min(-1)), the increase from baseline in vastus lateralis BFI across the three hiking bouts (from 1.1±0.2 to 3.1±0.6 nM · s(-1)) was lower (P = 0.036) than that seen during the three cycling bouts (from 1.1±0.2 to 7.2±1.4 nM · s(-1)) (Cohen's d: 3.80 nM · s(-1)), whereas the increase from baseline in deoxygenated haemoglobin (by ～17.0±2.9 μM) (an index of tissue oxygen extraction) was greater (P = 0.006) during hiking than cycling (by ～5.3±2.7 μM) (Cohen's d: 4.17 μM). The results suggest that reduced vastus lateralis muscle oxygen availability during hiking arises from restricted muscle blood flow in the isometrically acting quadriceps muscles.  相似文献   

Examining the potential of web-based multimedia to support complex fine motor skill learning: An empirical study     

Marina Papastergiou  Elisana Pollatou  Ioannis Theofylaktou  Konstantina Karadimou 《Education and Information Technologies》2014,19(4):817-839

Research on the utilization of the Web for complex fine motor skill learning that involves whole body movements is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of a multimedia web-based learning environment, which was targeted at a rhythmic gymnastics routine consisting of eight fine motor skills, into an undergraduate course in a physical education department, as a complementary tool to campus-based instruction. The impact was evaluated in terms of: acquisition of knowledge regarding the routine skills by students, improvement of students’ ability to execute the routine, and students’ responses to the environment. The study followed a pretest/posttest experimental design and involved 76 students randomly split into two groups: The Multimedia Web-based Learning Group (MWLG) students (N?=?38), who attended campus-based instruction on the routine and also used the environment in their own space and time, and the Traditional On-site Instruction Group (TOIG) students (N?=?38), who only attended campus-based instruction. The research data were gathered through student questionnaires and ratings of students’ performances. It was found that the use of the environment as a supplement to campus-based instruction increased the effectiveness of this instruction as regards the cognitive component of motor skill learning (i.e. acquisition of knowledge regarding the routine skills) and was well-accepted by the students, although it did not have any significant contribution to the physical component of motor skill learning (i.e. performance of the routine skills). These findings partially support the future wider adoption of multimedia web-based learning environments within physical education and other academic disciplines that involve complex fine motor skill learning. Relevant implications are discussed.  相似文献