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1.
Christine Van Peer 《Compare》2006,36(1):105-123
In 1996–1997, within the framework of the European Observatory for Population Education and Information, a comparative survey was conducted among students in final classes of secondary education in several European countries. On the one hand, the survey attempted to assess the effects of education on population in terms of knowledge acquired; the issues addressed in the questionnaire pertained to knowledge of demographic facts and trends (such as the ageing of Western societies and immigration). On the other hand it tried to ascertain students' opinions on demographic trends. What are young people's views on intergenerational solidarity, how tolerant are they towards immigrants, what are their views on recent changes in family structures? This knowledge is important since it is young people's attitudes and future behaviour that will help to shape both the social tissue and the economic prosperity of the European and world population. In this article we present a comparative analysis of survey results obtained in five European countries. We examined the question whether knowledge acquired in the course of scolarisation influences opinions. The results evidence a significant relationship between knowledge of the migrants' issue and attitudes of tolerance towards migrants. By means of multivariate analyses, the impact of factors such as social origin, study orientation and gender on both students' knowledge and attitudes, are investigated. We conclude that adequate educational training on population issues can have a significant positive impact on attitudes of tolerance. 相似文献
2.
Elke Achtert Christian B?hm Peer Kr?ger Peter Kunath Alexey Pryakhin Matthias Renz 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2007,15(3):179-195
The reverse k-nearest neighbor (RkNN) problem, i.e. finding all objects in a data set the k-nearest
neighbors of which include a specified query object, has received increasing attention recently. Many
industrial and scientific applications call for solutions of the RkNN problem in arbitrary metric spaces
where the data objects are not Euclidean and only a metric distance function is given for specifying
object similarity. Usually, these applications need a solution for the generalized problem where the
value of k is not known in advance and may change from query to query. In addition, many applications
require a fast approximate answer of RkNN-queries. For these scenarios, it is important to generate
a fast answer with high recall. In this paper, we propose the first approach for efficient approximative
RkNN search in arbitrary metric spaces where the value of k is specified at query time. Our approach
uses the advantages of existing metric index structures but proposes to use an approximation of the
nearest-neighbor-distances in order to prune the search space. We show that our method scales significantly
better than existing non-approximative approaches while producing an approximation of the true query
result with a high recall. 相似文献
3.
In this article, we describe two United Kingdom (UK) screening tests for dyslexia: the Dyslexia Early Screening Test (DEST)
and the Cognitive Profiling System (CoPS 1), both normed and designed to be administered by teachers to children four years
and older. We first outline the political context in the UK, which for the first time, makes the use of such tests viable.
We then outline the research programs behind and the components of each test; reliability and validity are also discussed.
Information is presented on the tests in use. We conclude that tests such as these have the potential to identify children
as at risk before they fail, halting the cycle of emotional and motivational problems traditionally associated with dyslexia.
Both tests are appropriate for use in the United States, and initial reactions from the education sector have been favorable. 相似文献
4.
A group of 37 8‐year‐old children who had scored below the 20th percentile on a national reading test were offered intensive reading instruction in groups of four during Grade 3 in two periods (10 and 5 weeks). The intervention was delivered by six teachers who received training in a comprehensive reading intervention programme called Epi‐Meta‐Mastery‐Approach, designed on the basis of the theory of metalinguistic development ( Gombert, 1992 ). A control group of 36 children received increased instructional intensity during the same periods. The intervention group showed gains in comparison with the control group on measures of word and non‐word reading and spelling. 相似文献
5.
Jon-Håkon Schultz Peer Møller Sørensen Trine Waaktaar 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(5):539-553
The objective of this study was to assess trauma-related symptoms and mental health among war-exposed Ugandan adolescents (n?=?81) as a basis for planning their re-attendance at school. Self-reports of exposure to traumatic events, trauma-related symptoms, and indicators of mental health were collected. While about half of the youths (51.9%) reported having been abducted by rebels and were former child soldiers, no differences were found in their mental health functioning compared to the remaining sample. Of the youths, 78% reported post-traumatic stress reactions of clinical significance. However, scores were within the normal range on conduct problems, hyperactivity, pro-social behavior, and self-efficacy. Even though the sample was clearly suffering from trauma-related symptoms, there were also marked areas of adaptive functioning and resilience. Whether the students are ready for education is discussed and implications for adapting educational programs for war-affected adolescents are indicated. 相似文献
6.
7.
Peer Ederer Alexander Patt Silvia Castellazzi 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2015,34(4):430-447
We estimate the market value that employers assign to the complex problem solving (CPS) skills of their employees, using individual-level Mincer-style wage regressions. For the purpose of the study, we collected new and unique data using psychometric measures of CPS and an extensive background questionnaire on employees’ personal and work history. The data were collected in 16 firms (23 establishments) in Germany, Spain, South Africa, Denmark, Slovakia, Switzerland, and France in the period 2012–2014. We find significant economic returns to CPS in our sample. One standard deviation higher CPS is associated with 10–20% higher hourly wages. The returns to CPS are sizeable even after controlling for fluid intelligence, suggesting that CPS probably captures skills important for modern production that are beyond what general intelligence tests can measure. 相似文献
8.
Daniel Turner Martin Rettenberger Lena Lohmann Reinhard Eher Peer Briken 《Child abuse & neglect》2014
Research has identified stable and dynamic characteristics in child sexual abusers working with children (CSA-W) that may distinguish them from other child sexual abusers (CSA). However, in previous research CSA-W have usually been included in the group of extra-familial CSA (CSA-E). Two hundred and forty-eight forensic-sexological reports about CSA conducted by the Federal Evaluation Centre for Violent and Sexual Offenders in the Austrian Prison System were evaluated retrospectively. One hundred and nineteen intra-familial CSA (CSA-I), 66 CSA-E, and 38 CSA-W were compared with regard to static risk factors, indicators of psychopathy, and pedophilic sexual interests. CSA-E had the highest risk of recidivism as measured by the Static-99 total score, followed by CSA-W. Furthermore, CSA-E had more previous convictions than CSA-W. Both CSA-E and CSA-I had higher total scores on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised than CSA-W. CSA-W had the highest prevalence of pedophilia diagnoses according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, as well as the highest rate of pedophilia with an orientation toward male children, and the highest frequency of male victims. CSA-W also had the highest total scores in the Screening Scale for Pedophilic Interests. CSA-W seem to constitute a group with particular risk factors and criminogenic needs, that is, they show more indicators of pedophilic sexual interests but less general antisociality and psychopathy, and would thus seem to be distinguishable from other CSA. Future research should focus in particular on evaluating differences in the grooming strategies used by CSA-W to commit and disclose child sexual abuse, as well as on the resources of this particular offender group. 相似文献
9.
Choon-Lang Quek Angela F. L. Wong Shanti Divaharan Woon-Chia Liu Jarina Peer Michael D. Williams 《Learning Environments Research》2007,10(3):177-187
Project work (PW) provides one of the pathways for students’ self-inquiry learning and collaboration in Singapore schools.
In this context, PW teachers function as facilitators. This study investigated quantitatively how a group of 270 secondary-school
students (aged 14 years) perceived their seven PW teacher-facilitators’ face-to-face interactions with students based on the
Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI), and whether their perceptions of teacher–student interaction during PW classrooms
were related with their attitudes towards PW learning as a whole. Seven out of eight QTI scales were associated with Enjoyment
of Project Work Lessons and two QTI scales were associated with Attitude to Inquiry in Project Work. The findings are discussed
in terms of how teachers who function as facilitators can translate their interpersonal behaviours into effective teaching
strategies for communicating with students and facilitating students’ learning in PW classrooms. 相似文献
10.
Bachelor und Master — auch ein bildungstheoretisches Problem 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peer Pasternack 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2001,4(2):263-281
Die Debatte um gestufte Studieng?nge (Bachelor/Master) weist gravierende Defizite bezüglich der inhaltlichen Gestaltung solcher Studieng?nge auf, w?hrend in formaler Hinsicht bislang vor allem Unübersichtlichkeit erzeugt wird. Dahinter l?sst sich eine allgemeine Profilverwirrung identifizieren, die zu überwinden der Beitrag in drei Schritten versucht. Zun?chst wird eine funktionale Bestimmung vorgenommen: Danach w?chst der Hochschulbildung die Aufgabe zu, sozialvertr?gliche Handlungsf?higkeit innerhalb exponentiell wachsender Komplexit?ten zu vermitteln. Eine hieran anschlie?ende Motivationsanalyse der BA/MA-Debatte ergibt, dass sich die vorliegenden Gestaltungsversuche entweder durch Unter-oder überkomplexit?t auszeichnen: Problemad?quatheit hingegen ist bislang untypische für die deutsche Bachelor/Master-Debatte. Ursache dessen ist eine paradoxe Anforderung: Auf die steigende Komplexit?t, welche die Absolventen und Absolventinnen in ihrer beruflichen und gesellschaftlichen Praxis erwartet, muss einerseits ad?quat curricular reagiert werden, ohne andererseits in der Gestaltung des heutigen Studiums den Komplexit?tsgrad der künftigen Herausforderungen spiegeln zu k?nnen. Die Frage, wie dieses Paradoxon bearbeitet werden kann, wird unter Rückgriff auf die Luhmannsche Figur der „Komplexit?tssteigerung durch Komplexit?tsreduktion“ beantwortet. Auf der Grundlage der Zentralunterscheidung von Spezialistentum/ Generalistentum wird ein Modell entwickelt, mit dessen Hilfe „konsolidierte Gewinne“ (Luhmann) innerhalb von gestuften Studiengangssystemen erzeugt werden k?nnen. 相似文献