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Reliability and Validity of Real-Time Response Measurement: a Comparison of Two Studies of a Televised Debate in Germany 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Maier Jurgen; Maurer Marcus; Reinemann Carsten; Faas Thorsten 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2007,19(1):53-73
This paper investigates the reliability and validity of real-timeresponse measurements (RTR). It is based on a comparison oftwo quasi-experimental studies independently conducted on thesecond televised debate of the two major candidates for chancellorin the 2002 German federal election campaign. Participants inBamberg and Mainz—two mid-sized German cities—followedthe debate on a large-scale screen. The viewers’ immediatereactions to the candidates were measured in real-time. In termsof technicalities and substance, both quasi-experiments differedin several important respects. For example, the system usedin Mainz was based on a control unit with a 7-point scale andyielded one merged metric dimension for both candidates. TheBamberg system measured positive and negative impressions ofthe candidates independently, yielding categorical data. Despitethese operational differences, the results show that both methodsrender reliable results that also meet the criteria of face,construct, and criterion validity. Hence, RTR measurements providevaluable, unique insights into subjective immediate reactionsto candidates in televised debates and help to explain post-debateperceptions and attitudes. Received for publication March 23, 2005. Revision received December 14, 2005. 相似文献
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本文介绍和分析了“博洛尼亚进程“以及由它促成的一种理论模式在全欧洲史无前例的传播,这种模式要求全欧洲的高等教育在课程安排和学位制度上实现重组及一体化。加深相互联系和建立标准化制度已成为世界性趋势,“博洛尼亚进程”被视为这一趋势在教育领域的特殊例证。本文以世界体系分析中不同层面的概念作为工具,对该进程进行了深入探讨,特别是使用了新制度主义社会学的理论。作者根据“传播”、“假想模式”、“理性神话”等概念,并借助体现出政府间国际组织以及非政府间国际组织日益增长之重要性的研究成果,勾勒出“博洛尼亚进租”的产生和发展动态。 相似文献
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Implantable drug delivery devices are becoming attractive due to their abilities of targeted and controlled dose release. Currently, two important issues are functional lifetime and non-controlled drug diffusion. In this work, we present a drug delivery device combining an electrolytic pump and a thermo-responsive valve, which are both remotely controlled by an electromagnetic field (40.5 mT and 450 kHz). Our proposed device exhibits a novel operation mechanism for long-term therapeutic treatments using a solid drug in reservoir approach. Our device also prevents undesired drug liquid diffusions. When the electromagnetic field is on, the electrolysis-induced bubble drives the drug liquid towards the Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) valve that consists of PNIPAM and iron micro-particles. The heat generated by the iron micro-particles causes the PNIPAM to shrink, resulting in an open valve. When the electromagnetic field is turned off, the PNIPAM starts to swell. In the meantime, the bubbles are catalytically recombined into water, reducing the pressure inside the pumping chamber, which leads to the refilling of the fresh liquid from outside the device. A catalytic reformer is included, allowing more liquid refilling during the limited valve''s closing time. The amount of body liquid that refills the drug reservoir can further dissolve the solid drug, forming a reproducible drug solution for the next dose. By repeatedly turning on and off the electromagnetic field, the drug dose can be cyclically released, and the exit port of the device is effectively controlled. 相似文献
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Jurgen Tijms Jan J. W. M. Hoeks Marja C. Paulussen‐Hoogeboom Anton J. Smolenaars 《Journal of Research in Reading》2003,26(2):121-140
Short and long‐term effects of a treatment for dyslexia are evaluated. The treatment is based on psycholinguistic theory and assumes that dyslexia is due to poor lexico‐phonological processing of words. The treatment is computer‐based and focuses on learning to recognise and to make use of the phonological and morphological structure of Dutch words. The results of the treatment were clear improvements in reading words, reading text and spelling. Effect sizes of standardised treatment gains were large (Cohen's d>0.80 for all variables). Following the treatment, participants attained an average level of text‐reading and spelling. The attained level of reading words and reading text was found to be stable over a four‐year follow‐up period. Spelling showed a slight decline one year after the treatment, but remained stable thereafter. 1 1. A preliminary report of the data was presented at the World congress on dyslexia, September 1997, Thessaloniki, Greece. 相似文献
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Warren F. Seibert Jurgen M. Honig 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1960,8(3):115-123
Conclusions In this brief study, all reasonable efforts were made to gain control over extraneous variables while gathering limited but
valid information concerning the relative effectiveness of televised and conventional instruction in laboratory skills. There
are unanswered questions concerning the methods, the effects, and the meanings which still out-number the few questions which
may have been answered but these should not obscure what was attempted and found. In brief, the results indicate that one
of the two criteria employed in the study was little more than worth-less. The other criterion measure gave evidence that,
although the instruction produced measureable effects, it apparently made no difference whether groups were taught by conventional
means or by means of television. Statistically, these instructed groups performed equally when executing their laboratory
tasks. This evidence is not contradicted by related information from the earlier and more extended trials of televised laboratory
instruction.
Perhaps, at best, the inclusion of “delayed measurement” groups has added some small amount of respectability to this study.
Their inclusion certainly has not guaranteed that unequivocal answers can be given to those questions which deal with the
“long-term” effects of the two forms of instruction. Since these “long-term” effects are extremely important, it is hoped
that they will receive increasing attention in the future.
This article is a condensed and modified version of a February 1959 mimeographed report by the authors. The mimeographed original
includes copies of measuring devices used in gathering data for the study which can be had by writing the senior author at
the Audio-Visual Center at Purdue University. Dr. Seibert, who was recently on leave to the U. S. Office of Education as research
coordinator for the Educational Media (Title VII) Program, returns to Purdue July 1 as TV Program Research Consultant. Dr.
Honig is currently with the Lincoln Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The writers thank Frederick Vratney,
Post-Doctoral Fellow in Chemistry; D. F. Kasten, graduate student in Psychology; the staff of the Purdue TV Production Unit;
and the several graduate students who served as performance evaluators. All made contributions to the study on which this
report is based. It goes without saying that the student subjects were essential and their cooperation appreciated. 相似文献
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According to the uses and gratifications approach, individuals try to satisfy needs by means of media use. The empirical application of this approach is often problematic because of the concept of “needs.” It is argued that the focus should shift to social and psychological factors as direct explanations of behavior. This article hypothesizes that adolescents' television use for mood management is predicted by factors related to the school and family contexts. Results support the hypothesis that tensions generated within the social contexts of home and school life are directly and indirectly related to the use of television for mood management. 相似文献
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Using the theory of reasoned action in combination with the Competing Values Framework of organizational leadership, our study examines how deans at Indonesian universities lead and manage their faculties. Based on a large-scale survey with responses from more than 200 Indonesian deans, the study empirically identifies a number of deanship styles: the Master, the Competitive Consultant, the Focused Team Captain, the Consensual Goal-Setter and the Informed Trust-Builder style. Further, the study investigates determinants of deans’ leadership styles, pointing at the important role of their attitudes towards leadership, while their perceived behavioural control only explains some of the styles. The study also suggests that faculty culture is important to take into consideration if we want to gain further understanding of the deanship, since culture turned out to effect the deans’ attitudes and hence their leadership style. 相似文献