Reliability and Validity of Real-Time Response Measurement: a Comparison of Two Studies of a Televised Debate in Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Maier  Jurgen; Maurer  Marcus; Reinemann  Carsten; Faas  Thorsten 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2007,19(1):53-73

This paper investigates the reliability and validity of real-timeresponse measurements (RTR). It is based on a comparison oftwo quasi-experimental studies independently conducted on thesecond televised debate of the two major candidates for chancellorin the 2002 German federal election campaign. Participants inBamberg and Mainz—two mid-sized German cities—followedthe debate on a large-scale screen. The viewers’ immediatereactions to the candidates were measured in real-time. In termsof technicalities and substance, both quasi-experiments differedin several important respects. For example, the system usedin Mainz was based on a control unit with a 7-point scale andyielded one merged metric dimension for both candidates. TheBamberg system measured positive and negative impressions ofthe candidates independently, yielding categorical data. Despitethese operational differences, the results show that both methodsrender reliable results that also meet the criteria of face,construct, and criterion validity. Hence, RTR measurements providevaluable, unique insights into subjective immediate reactionsto candidates in televised debates and help to explain post-debateperceptions and attitudes. Received for publication March 23, 2005. Revision received December 14, 2005.  相似文献   

Long waves in the geography of innovation: The rise and decline of regional clusters of creativity over time     

Malte Doehne  Katja Rost 《Research Policy》2021,50(9):104298

We explain the rise and decline of regional clusters of creativity over time. We argue that this dynamic is the result of the interplay of individually rational decision-making processes with collective externalities of unplanned social encounters; migration to particular places at particular times interacts with a preference to engage with similar others. This interplay leads to the rise and subsequent decline of opportunities for encounters between people who operate in different domains, a basic requirement for radical innovative change. The consequent decline of formerly innovative regions creates opportunities for new innovative regions to emerge. We test this theory using three independently curated datasets. The first includes the geocoded places and years of the births and deaths of 124,860 notable individuals who lived in Europe between 1000 and 1900 CE, used to measure opportunities for domain-diverse encounters in regions and regions’ time-varying attractiveness in global mobility networks. The second and third datasets consist of the geocoded locations and founding years of 3,165 Catholic monasteries and of 16,596 publishing houses. We use these organizational innovations as robust, independent indicators for a region's capacity to foster incremental and radical change. Our paper aims to open a broader social network perspective on the rise and decline of regional clusters of creativity over time.  相似文献   

Not Read,but Nevertheless Solved? Three Experiments on PIRLS Multiple Choice Reading Comprehension Test Items     

Jörn R. Sparfeldt  Rumena Kimmel  Lena Löwenkamp  Antje Steingräber  Detlef H. Rost 《Educational Assessment》2013,18(4):214-232

Multiple-choice (MC) reading comprehension test items comprise three components: text passage, questions about the text, and MC answers. The construct validity of this format has been repeatedly criticized. In three between-subjects experiments, fourth graders (N ₁ = 230, N ₂ = 340, N ₃ = 194) worked on three versions of MC items from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 2001 reading comprehension test with relevant components successively deleted: “original version” (text, questions, MC-answers), “version without text” (questions, MC-answers), “version without text and without questions” (only MC-answers). Answering correctly the MC items became more difficult as the relevant information was eliminated. In the two narrative fictional texts presented, the students' performance of the version without text was not better than chance. Conversely in the informational (fictional) text, the students' performance of the version without text was better than chance. In the third condition, students' performance was never better than chance.  相似文献   

Socio‐emotional adjustment in elementary school boys and girls: Does giftedness make a difference?     

Tatiana Czeschlik  Detlef H. Rost 《Roeper Review》2013,35(4):294-297

Fifty 10‐year‐old gifted children were matched with 50 pupils of average intelligence on the variables ‘gender’ and ‘socio‐economic status’. Three data sources (children, parents, and teachers) on the children's personality and socio‐emotional behavior were used.  相似文献   

"博洛尼亚进程":新欧洲的"神话"?     

于尔根·施瑞尔  赵雅晶 《北京大学教育评论》2007,5(2):92-106

本文介绍和分析了“博洛尼亚进程“以及由它促成的一种理论模式在全欧洲史无前例的传播,这种模式要求全欧洲的高等教育在课程安排和学位制度上实现重组及一体化。加深相互联系和建立标准化制度已成为世界性趋势,“博洛尼亚进程”被视为这一趋势在教育领域的特殊例证。本文以世界体系分析中不同层面的概念作为工具,对该进程进行了深入探讨,特别是使用了新制度主义社会学的理论。作者根据“传播”、“假想模式”、“理性神话”等概念,并借助体现出政府间国际组织以及非政府间国际组织日益增长之重要性的研究成果,勾勒出“博洛尼亚进租”的产生和发展动态。  相似文献   

A remotely operated drug delivery system with an electrolytic pump and a thermo-responsive valve     

Ying Yi  Amir Zaher  Omar Yassine  Jurgen Kosel  Ian G. Foulds 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(5)

Implantable drug delivery devices are becoming attractive due to their abilities of targeted and controlled dose release. Currently, two important issues are functional lifetime and non-controlled drug diffusion. In this work, we present a drug delivery device combining an electrolytic pump and a thermo-responsive valve, which are both remotely controlled by an electromagnetic field (40.5 mT and 450 kHz). Our proposed device exhibits a novel operation mechanism for long-term therapeutic treatments using a solid drug in reservoir approach. Our device also prevents undesired drug liquid diffusions. When the electromagnetic field is on, the electrolysis-induced bubble drives the drug liquid towards the Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) valve that consists of PNIPAM and iron micro-particles. The heat generated by the iron micro-particles causes the PNIPAM to shrink, resulting in an open valve. When the electromagnetic field is turned off, the PNIPAM starts to swell. In the meantime, the bubbles are catalytically recombined into water, reducing the pressure inside the pumping chamber, which leads to the refilling of the fresh liquid from outside the device. A catalytic reformer is included, allowing more liquid refilling during the limited valve''s closing time. The amount of body liquid that refills the drug reservoir can further dissolve the solid drug, forming a reproducible drug solution for the next dose. By repeatedly turning on and off the electromagnetic field, the drug dose can be cyclically released, and the exit port of the device is effectively controlled.  相似文献   

Two Worlds of Academic Publishing: Chemistry and German Sociology in Comparison     

Ute Volkmann  Uwe Schimank  Markus Rost 《Minerva》2014,52(2):187-212

The communication infrastructure of modern science is provided by profit-oriented business firms: the publishing houses which print and distribute academic books and journals. Surprisingly, beyond some rather superficial impressions, in science studies little is known about how academic publishers work—in particular, how markets for books and journals look like, how publication decisions are taken, and how the interplay with the scientific community is arranged. We address these questions with a focus on the relation between economic considerations of publishers, on the one hand, and the requirements of scientific communication, on the other. Our contrasting case studies are a very large worldwide operating publisher with regard to chemistry publications and a national publishing house of German sociology. At first, we show how the rather different business approaches of the two types of academic publishing houses look like. Both approaches could reach stability for some time which means not only that publishers earned money according to their profit aspirations but also that the communication requirements of science were sufficiently met. Afterwards, we point out the instabilities that have begun to arise in both fields and may sooner or later erode the former fit of profit-making and scientific communication.  相似文献   

Long‐term effects of a psycholinguistic treatment for dyslexia     

Jurgen Tijms  Jan J. W. M. Hoeks  Marja C. Paulussen‐Hoogeboom  Anton J. Smolenaars 《Journal of Research in Reading》2003,26(2):121-140

Short and long‐term effects of a treatment for dyslexia are evaluated. The treatment is based on psycholinguistic theory and assumes that dyslexia is due to poor lexico‐phonological processing of words. The treatment is computer‐based and focuses on learning to recognise and to make use of the phonological and morphological structure of Dutch words. The results of the treatment were clear improvements in reading words, reading text and spelling. Effect sizes of standardised treatment gains were large (Cohen's d>0.80 for all variables). Following the treatment, participants attained an average level of text‐reading and spelling. The attained level of reading words and reading text was found to be stable over a four‐year follow‐up period. Spelling showed a slight decline one year after the treatment, but remained stable thereafter. ¹ 1. A preliminary report of the data was presented at the World congress on dyslexia, September 1997, Thessaloniki, Greece.  相似文献   

The psycho-social adjustment of gifted children in middle-childhood     

Detlef H. Rost  Tatiana Czeschlik 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1994,9(1):15-25

The psycho-social adjustment of 50 gifted (mean IQ=127) and 50 German ten-year-olds of average intelligence (mean IQ=106, matched individually on socio-economic status and gender) was compared. Data from different sources (children, parents, teachers) on social behaviour, (therapy-relevant) behaviour problems, and emotional stability revealed no significant differences between the two ability groups. Gifted elementary-school children are socially and emotionally at least as well adjusted as their non-gifted age-mates.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

D. Bligh  Robby Cohen  Jurgen Herbst  Alec Ross  David Selby  H. W. Bradley  Y. G.-M. Lulat 《Higher Education》1983,12(4):479-494

  相似文献