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1.
Hari Prasad 《Resonance》2002,7(12):48-64
Berzelius, the Swedish chemist in 1807 introduced the term ‘organic compounds’ as those substances derived from once living
organisms (organized systems). Carbon exhibits the property of catenation (formation of chains) and forms a plethora of compounds
on earth. Silicon on the other hand which is placed below carbon in the periodic table does not exhibit this property. This
article is a brief account of some of the several reagents and classes of compounds encountered in organosilicon chemistry. 相似文献
2.
Huixiang Wang Fei Lyu Kapil Sugand Sheungting Wong Yanping Lin Qiugen Wang 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(6):655-663
Acetabular fractures are a real challenge for junior doctors as well as experienced orthopedic surgeons. Correct fracture classification is crucial for appreciating the fracture type, surgical planning, and predicting prognosis. Although three-dimensional (3D) tutorial is believed to improve the understanding of the complex anatomy structure, there have been few applications and randomized controlled trials to confirm it in orthopedics. This study aims to develop a 3D interactive software system for teaching acetabular fracture classification and evaluate its efficacy. Participants were randomly but evenly allocated into either the experimental group (who learned the acetabular fracture classification using a 3D software) or the control group (who used a traditional two-dimensional [2D] tutorial). Both groups were then tasked to classify 10 acetabular fractures and complete a five-point Likert scale on their satisfaction of each learning modality. To calculate significance (P < 0.05), independent t-test was used for normally distributed data whereas Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data. The experimental group significantly outperformed the control group (t (28) = 2.526, P = 0.017) with identifying correct acetabular fracture classification. Moreover, Likert scale score in the experimental group was also significantly higher than in the control group (Z = 2.477, P = 0.013). This 3D classification software has objectively and subjectively showed an advantage over the traditional 2D tutorial, resulting in an improved classification accuracy and higher Likert scale score. The 3D software has the potential to improve both clinical knowledge as well as identifying correct patient management in orthopedics. 相似文献
3.
Kapil Mehta 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1997,12(1):23-25
A rational approach for developing effective filaricides awaits greater knowledge on the biochemical pathways operating in filarial parasites. For example, metabolic pathways or key enzymes that are so pivotal to the parasite that their interruption or inhibition causes spontaneous death, could be exploited to develop effective chemotherapeutic agents. Similarly, developing a safe and nontoxic filaricidal will require precise understanding of whether or not the potential molecular target in the parasite is unique or at least different enough from the host system. Recently, we identified a novel transglutaminase enzyme (EC2.3.2.13; TGase) in filarial parasites that plays an important role during their normal growth and development. Based on these principles, TGase may serve as a new target for the development of effective chemotherapeutic agent and vaccine for controlling and preventing the infections caused by these parasites. 相似文献
4.
Kapil Dev Regmi 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2020,39(2):219-233
ABSTRACT The idea of learning rooted in behavioural psychology has become dominant in the field of teaching and learning for several decades. Even though it has been widely used in formal education it is inadequate for informing lifelong learning policies and plans. In this paper, first I critique the psychological foundation of learning and in the second part, drawing on Habermasian conceptualisation of three structural components of the lifeworld (culture, society, and personality), I conceptualise the three components as the social foundations of learning: learning as cultural reproduction, learning as social integration and learning as socialisation. In the context of the UN’s declaration of ‘lifelong learning’ as one of the Sustainable Development Goals, this paper will be useful for developing policies to address challenges faced by individual countries at cultural, societal and individual levels. 相似文献
5.
Anatomy has historically been a cornerstone in medical education regardless of nation or specialty. Until recently, dissection and didactic lectures were its sole pedagogy. Teaching methodology has been revolutionized with more reliance on models, imaging, simulation, and the Internet to further consolidate and enhance the learning experience. Moreover, modern medical curricula are giving less importance to anatomy education and to the acknowledged value of dissection. Universities have even abandoned dissection completely in favor of user‐friendly multimedia, alternative teaching approaches, and newly defined priorities in clinical practice. Anatomy curriculum is undergoing international reformation but the current framework lacks uniformity among institutions. Optimal learning content can be categorized into the following modalities: (1) dissection/prosection, (2) interactive multimedia, (3) procedural anatomy, (4) surface and clinical anatomy, and (5) imaging. The importance of multimodal teaching, with examples suggested in this article, has been widely recognized and assessed. Nevertheless, there are still ongoing limitations in anatomy teaching. Substantial problems consist of diminished allotted dissection time and the number of qualified anatomy instructors, which will eventually deteriorate the quality of education. Alternative resources and strategies are discussed in an attempt to tackle these genuine concerns. The challenges are to reinstate more effective teaching and learning tools while maintaining the beneficial values of orthodox dissection. The UK has a reputable medical education but its quality could be improved by observing international frameworks. The heavy penalty of not concentrating on sufficient anatomy education will inevitably lead to incompetent anatomists and healthcare professionals, leaving patients to face dire repercussions. Anat Sci Educ 3: 83–93, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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7.
Vinita Ailani R. C. Gupta Sunil Kumar Gupta Kapil Gupta 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):426-429
This study was conducted to find out the level of oxidative stress and effect of supplementation of vitamin C, D and Calcium
on levels of SOD, serum and urinary fluoride in children residing in endemic fluorosis area. For this the fluoride belt of
Jaipur district was selected. The parameters selected were Super oxide dismutase, serum fluoride and urinary fluoride. The
study was conducted on one hundred children, selected from four areas (25 from each area) consuming water containing 1.2,
2.4, 5.6 and 13.6 mg/l of fluoride. Drinking water fluoride, serum and urinary fluoride were measured by Ion selective electrode
method. Serum SOD by Xanthine oxidase method using kit of Ransod (kit cat. No. SD125). The post treatment values showed a
significant reduction in serum fluoride and SOD. Urinary fluoride levels increased significantly in post treatment stage.
The results revealed a normal SOD levels in all groups but an increasing trend was observed with increasing fluoride concentration.
Treatment with Calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin C showed a significant reduction in serum fluoride and SOD and increase in urinary
fluoride. A high positive correlation between pretreatment and post treatment group was observed in serum fluoride, SOD and
urinary fluoride (P < 0.05). The study indicated an increasing oxidative stress in cases of fluorosis with increasing drinking
water fluoride concentration. Treatment with Calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin C resulted a significant reduction in serum fluoride
and SOD and increase in urinary fluoride. 相似文献
8.
Hari P. Koirala Marsha Davis Peter Johnson 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2008,11(2):127-138
The purpose of this paper is to share a performance assessment task and rubric designed to assess secondary school mathematics
preservice teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and skills. The assessment task and rubric were developed in collaboration
with five education faculty, four arts and sciences faculty, and four high school teachers over a period of one year. Over
this period, the group met more than 15 times and designed an assessment task and rubric to measure secondary school preservice
teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and skills. The assessment task and rubric were piloted at the end of the year and
extensively revised using the pilot data. The redesigned task and rubric were successfully carried out in the second and subsequent
years. Other teacher education programs can benefit from this assessment of teacher candidates’ pedagogical content knowledge
and skills. 相似文献
9.
Arun Kumar B. S. Dhillon D. N. Rao Geetha Menon Hari Shankar L. K. Dhaliwal Maiti Leema Nomita Chandhiok Neeta Kumar Rohini Sehgal Suneeta Mittal Sumitu Sahdev Kandpal Shobha V. L. Jindal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(4):405-409
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is widely used as oxidative stress biomarker in biomedical research. Plasma is stored in deep freezers generally till analysis. Effect of such storage on MDA values, which may be variable and prolong, was incidentally observed in the ongoing study which is to estimate oxidative stress with oral iron. Plasma from blood samples of pregnant women (20–30 years age) in third trimester of singleton pregnancy (n = 139), consuming oral iron tablets was stored at −20 °C with intention of MDA estimation, as soon as possible. However logistic problems led this storage for prolonged and variable period (1–708 days). When values of MDA estimated using “Ohkawa” 79 method and readings were plotted against time to check the temporal effect, it showed a hyperbolic curve. Standard deviation (SD) was lowest when samples were tested within 3 weeks time. The samples analyzed within 3 weeks had mean ± SD value of 31.59 ± 26.11 μmol/L, while 123.7 ± 93.97 and 366.5 ± 189.8 μmol/L for samples stored for 1–3 and 4 months to 1 year respectively. Mean ± SD were 539.9 ± 196.8 in the samples store for more than a year. Rate of change in values was also lowest (0.0433 μmol/L/day) in the samples tested within first 3 weeks, which rose to 1.2 μmol/L/day during 3 month’s storage. This rate peaked at storage of 120 days (1.87 μmol/L/day) and fell to 0.502 μmol/L/day in the second year of storage. It is concluded that at −20 °C, only 3 weeks of storage time should be considered valid for fairly acceptable stability in MDA values. 相似文献
10.
The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was jointly awarded to three scientists — Elizabeth H Blackburn, Carol W Greider
and Jack W Szostak — for their work during early 1980s and 1990s which helped unravel the molecular mechanisms of protection
of chromosomal ends by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase. Their discovery has had major implications in the fields of ageing
and cancer research. Blackburn and Greider are the ninth and tenth women scientist, to get this award in physiology or medicine
and this is the first time that two women scientists have shared the prize. 相似文献