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Stephen F. Burns David R. Broom Masashi Miyashita Claire Mundy 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):635-642
Abstract Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates hunger. Intense exercise has been shown to temporarily suppress hunger after exercise. In the present study, we investigated whether post-exercise hunger suppression is mediated by reduced plasma total ghrelin concentrations. Nine men and nine women participated in the study. Their mean physical characteristics were as follows: age 24.8 (s x = 0.9) years, body mass index 22.9 (s x = 0.6) kg · m?2, maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) 57.7 (s x = 2.2) ml · kg?1 · min?1. The participants completed two 3-h trials (exercise and control) on separate days in a randomized balanced design after overnight fasts. The exercise trial involved a 1-h treadmill run at 73.5% of [Vdot]O2max followed by 2 h of rest. The control trial consisted of 3 h of rest. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 h. Total ghrelin concentrations were determined from plasma. Hunger was assessed following blood sampling using a 15-point scale. The data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Hunger scores were lower in the exercise trial than in the control trial (trial, P = 0.009; time, P < 0.001; trial × time, P < 0.001). Plasma total ghrelin concentrations did not differ between trials. These findings indicate that treadmill running suppresses hunger but this effect is not mediated by changes in plasma total ghrelin concentration. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to propose an optimization procedure for determining power output during very brief maximal pedalling exercise. Twenty-six healthy male students (21-28 years) performed anaerobic tests on a Monark bicycle ergometer with maximal effort for less than 10 s at eight different loads ranging from 28.1 to 84.2 Nm in pedalling moment. The maximal pedalling rate was determined from the minimal time required for one rotation of the cycle wheel. Pedalling rate decreased linearly with the load. The relationship between load and pedalling rate was represented by two linear regression equations for each subject; one regression equation was determined from eight pairs of pedalling rates and loads (r less than -0.976) and the other from three pairs (at 28.1, 46.8, 65.5 Nm; r less than -0.969). The two regression coefficients of the respective regression equations were almost identical. Mean +/- S.D. of maximal power output (Pmax) which was determined for each subject based on the two linear regression equations for eight pairs and three pairs of pedalling rates and loads was 930 +/- 187 W (13.4 +/- 1.6 W kgBW-1) and 927 +/- 187 W (13.4 +/- 1.6 W kgBW-1), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of Pmax which were obtained from each equation. It was concluded that maximal anaerobic power could be simply determined by performing maximal cycling exercise at three different loads. 相似文献
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Masashi Miyashita Stephen F. Burns David J. Stensel 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1473-1482
Abstract In this study, we compared the effects of accumulated and continuous running on resting arterial blood pressure. Ten normotensive/pre-hypertensive men, aged 25.0 ± 4.2 years (mean ± s), participated in three 2-day trials at least one week apart in a randomized, repeated-measures design. On Day 1, participants rested (control) or ran at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake in either ten 3-min bouts (30 min rest between bouts) or one continuous 30-min bout. On Day 2, participants rested throughout the day. Blood pressure was measured at hourly intervals throughout Days 1 and 2. Mean resting systolic blood pressure on Day 2 was 6% lower during the accumulated and continuous running trials compared with the control trial (110 ± 6 vs. 110 ± 8 vs. 117 ± 6 mmHg respectively; P < 0.05), but there were no differences in resting diastolic blood pressure among the three trials (70 ± 7 vs. 69 ± 6 vs. 70 ± 5 mmHg respectively). These findings demonstrate that accumulating 30 min of running throughout the day in short bouts is as effective as 30 min of continuous running for reducing resting systolic blood pressure on the next day in young normotensive/pre-hyptertensive men. 相似文献
4.
Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates hunger. Intense exercise has been shown to temporarily suppress hunger after exercise. In the present study, we investigated whether post-exercise hunger suppression is mediated by reduced plasma total ghrelin concentrations. Nine men and nine women participated in the study. Their mean physical characteristics were as follows: age 24.8 (s(x) = 0.9) years, body mass index 22.9 (s(x) = 0.6) kg x m(-2), maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) 57.7 (s(x) = 2.2) ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The participants completed two 3-h trials (exercise and control) on separate days in a randomized balanced design after overnight fasts. The exercise trial involved a 1-h treadmill run at 73.5% of VO(2max) followed by 2 h of rest. The control trial consisted of 3 h of rest. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 h. Total ghrelin concentrations were determined from plasma. Hunger was assessed following blood sampling using a 15-point scale. The data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Hunger scores were lower in the exercise trial than in the control trial (trial, P = 0.009; time, P < 0.001; trial x time, P < 0.001). Plasma total ghrelin concentrations did not differ between trials. These findings indicate that treadmill running suppresses hunger but this effect is not mediated by changes in plasma total ghrelin concentration. 相似文献
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In this study, we compared the effects of accumulated and continuous running on resting arterial blood pressure. Ten normotensive/pre-hypertensive men, aged 25.0 ± 4.2 years (mean ± s), participated in three 2-day trials at least one week apart in a randomized, repeated-measures design. On Day 1, participants rested (control) or ran at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake in either ten 3-min bouts (30 min rest between bouts) or one continuous 30-min bout. On Day 2, participants rested throughout the day. Blood pressure was measured at hourly intervals throughout Days 1 and 2. Mean resting systolic blood pressure on Day 2 was 6% lower during the accumulated and continuous running trials compared with the control trial (110 ± 6 vs. 110 ± 8 vs. 117 ± 6 mmHg respectively; P < 0.05), but there were no differences in resting diastolic blood pressure among the three trials (70 ± 7 vs. 69 ± 6 vs. 70 ± 5 mmHg respectively). These findings demonstrate that accumulating 30 min of running throughout the day in short bouts is as effective as 30 min of continuous running for reducing resting systolic blood pressure on the next day in young normotensive/pre-hyptertensive men. 相似文献
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Yung Liao Masashi Miyashita David Stensel Jui-Fu Chen Liang-Tsai Wen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(16):1797-1804
AbstractThis study examined associations between four health-related physical fitness measures and obesity in Taiwanese youth aged 10–18 years. Data from 13,500 school-aged youth were randomly selected from the “School Physical Fitness Database” of Taiwan by sex and age. Variables examined were height, body mass and performance on modified sit-and-reach (flexibility), bent-leg sit-up (abdominal muscular strength/endurance), standing long jump (lower body explosive strength) and distance run/walk (cardiorespiratory endurance). Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed. Increased odds of being obese with decreased fitness levels were observed for lower body explosive strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in both sexes. The highest odds of being obese was found in the least fit quintile of cardiorespiratory endurance compared with the most fit quintile both in boys (Odds ratio, OR = 10.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.94–13.73) and girls (OR = 5.40; 95% CI, 3.90–7.47). These findings suggest that in addition to cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body explosive strength is also associated with childhood and adolescent obesity. 相似文献
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Theresa L. Miyashita Eleni Diakogeorgiou Kaitlyn Marrie 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(2):180-188
AbstractHead impacts resulting in a concussion negatively affect the vestibular system, but little is known about the effect of subconcussive impacts on this system. This study’s objective was to determine if subconcussive head impacts sustained over one competitive lacrosse season, effect sway velocity. Healthy Division I male lacrosse players (n = 33; aged 19.52 ± 1.20 years) wore instrumented helmets to track head impact exposures. At the beginning and end of the season the players completed an instrumented Balance Error Scoring System assessment to assess sway velocity. Score differentials were correlated to the head impact exposure data collected via instrumented helmets when averaged within participant. Paired samples t-tests revealed a post-season increase in sway velocity on the double leg stance, firm surface (p = 0.002, d = 0.59); tandem stance, firm surface (p = 0.033, d = 0.39) and double leg, foam surface (p = 0.014, d = 0.45) A significant correlation was found between change in tandem stance, firm surface sway velocities and linear acceleration (p < 0.001, r = 0.65). It appears subconcussive impacts may result in tandem stance balance deficits. Repetitive head impacts may negatively affect sway velocity, even in the absence of a diagnosed concussion injury. 相似文献
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Masayuki Konishi Masaki Takahashi Naoya Endo Shigeharu Numao Shun Takagi Masashi Miyashita 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):248-255
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on autonomic and endocrine functions during the day and on exercise tolerance in the evening. Ten healthy young males completed two, 2-day control and sleep deprivation trials. For the control trial, participants were allowed normal sleep from 23:00 to 07:00 h. For the sleep deprivation trial, participants did not sleep for 34 h. Autonomic activity was measured from 19:00 h on day 1 to 16:00 h on day 2 by frequency-domain measures of heart rate variability. Endocrine function was examined by measuring adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol from venous blood samples collected on day 2 at 09:00, 13:00, and 17:00 h and immediately after an exercise tolerance testing. Autonomic regulation, particularly parasympathetic regulation estimated from the high-frequency component of heart rate variability analysis, was significantly higher in the sleep deprivation trial than in the control trial in the morning and afternoon of day 2. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were significantly higher at 09:00 and 13:00 h of day 2 under sleep deprivation. Heart rate during exercise was significantly lower following sleep deprivation. Therefore, the effects of sleep deprivation on autonomic regulation depend on the time of the day. 相似文献
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Cross‐cultural Similarities in Attitudes toward Computers and the Implications for Teacher Education
Gerald Knezek Keeko Miyashita Takashi Sakamoto 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2013,22(2):193-204
ABSTRACT Results of a three year longitudinal study of elementary school children's attitudes toward computers in Japan, Mexico, and the United States of America are presented, along with implications of the findings for teacher education. Two types of attitudes toward computers (importance and enjoyment) were found to be positively influenced by the introduction of computer activities in primary school. No novelty effect was found regarding enjoyment of computers, and perceived computer importance declined less from Grades 1–3 than several other dispositions measured. No consistent gender differences were found for attitudes toward computers among the three nations. These findings imply that students begin school eager to learn about computers and lacking the gender biases often found in older age groups, and that teachers should be educated to help preserve interest in and access to information technology for all students. Reflections for teacher education conclude the article. 相似文献
10.
宫下正兴 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2006,25(2):110-112
郭沫若在幼年时期,他的母亲就将自己喜爱的唐诗宋词教郭沫若暗诵,在他心里播下了诗的种子,养成对诗的爱好。在就读私塾时老师改革了教学方法,增设了诗歌,他得到了诗的第一步修行。在少年时期,去嘉州读书期间不仅得到了诗格培养,而且得到了人格的锻炼。在美与丑的矛盾中陶冶自己的人格。在成都时期,革命民主主义思想初步形成,发展了他的反抗叛逆精神,同时诗歌变成了他的斗争工具。他留学日本接触到泰戈尔、海涅、雪莱、歌德的诗,给他的诗带来了自由、奔放的浪漫主义色彩。 相似文献
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