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1.
Barry J. A. de Groot Kees P. van den Bos Alexander E. M. G. Minnaert Bieuwe F. van der Meulen 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2015,19(2):166-181
In this study word reading (WR) fluency was used to dichotomously classify 1,598 Dutch children at different cutoffs, indicating (very) poor or (very) good reading performance. Analysis of variance and receiver operating characteristics were used to investigate the effects of rapid automatized naming (RAN) and phonemic awareness (PA) in predicting group membership. The highest predictive values were found for the combination of RAN and PA, particularly for the poorest readers. Furthermore, results indicate that with the severity of impairment, WR is more dominated by deficient PA, which is interpreted as an enduring problem with sublexical processing. Another main result is that with the increase of reading skill, the contribution of PA diminishes, whereas the contribution of RAN remains fairly constant for the whole reading fluency continuum. These results warrant the conclusion that whereas PA hallmarks reading disability, RAN appears to be the default predictor for above-average or excellent reading proficiency. 相似文献
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Felicitas Kraemer Kees van Overveld Martin Peterson 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):251-260
We argue that some algorithms are value-laden, and that two or more persons who accept different value-judgments may have
a rational reason to design such algorithms differently. We exemplify our claim by discussing a set of algorithms used in
medical image analysis: In these algorithms it is often necessary to set certain thresholds for whether e.g. a cell should
count as diseased or not, and the chosen threshold will partly depend on the software designer’s preference between avoiding
false positives and false negatives. This preference ultimately depends on a number of value-judgments. In the last section
of the paper we discuss some general principles for dealing with ethical issues in algorithm-design. 相似文献
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The Art of Reading is a national reading promotion program in the Netherlands targeting children and youngsters from birth to 18 years of age. Launched in 2008, the program reached in 2016 nearly 700,000 children. In this article, we describe the program’s background, ambitions, content, and implementation, as well as the central role of the public library in its development and execution. A special focus is on the digital monitoring system that has been created to monitor the impact of the program on pupils’ reading behavior and teachers’ reading promotion behavior. 相似文献
4.
IDENTITY AND SCHOOL HISTORY: THE PERSPECTIVE OF YOUNG PEOPLE FROM THE NETHERLANDS AND ENGLAND 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ABSTRACT: The article presents the findings from a survey of over 400 young people in metropolitan areas in the Netherlands and England concerning their views on identity and school history. The research explored pupils' ideas about which facets of history were of interest to them, what history they believed should be taught in schools, and their views on the purposes of school history and history in general. The coding of the data made it possible to delineate between those from different ethnic minority backgrounds, boys and girls, age and level of education and first or second generation of migration. The study revealed significant differences between young people's ideas about history and identity, and those advanced by politicians and policy makers in the Netherlands, England and elsewhere. The concluding section of the paper considers the implications of the findings for policy makers in the field of history education in schools. 相似文献
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Kees Kouwenaar 《Higher Education in Europe》1994,19(2):7-26
The various academic recognition instruments in use in Europe are presented and described. These include the oldest ones, the Council of Europe Conventions and then the so‐called Prague Convention, the two UNESCO Conventions concerning Europe, particularly the UNESCO European Convention, and most recently, the General Directives of the European Union for recognition with regard to regulated professions. Because Europe has undergone major political and social changes since the first of these conventions was signed, and higher education itself has undergone great diversification, the time has come to seriously consider the establishment of a joint Council of Europe‐UNESCO Convention. Whereas the Council of Europe Conventions con‐centrated on outcomes and the UNESCO European Convention focussed on recognition processes within the framework of a divided Europe, a combined Convention should be oriented toward acceptance for given purposes. It should include the establishment of a code of conduct and involve the participation of subject‐oriented networks and a system of intermediate classification. It should also rely on a combined system of information networks. 相似文献
7.
Kees P. Van den Bos Johannes Kingma 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1987,1(4):45-59
An 11-parameter Markov model of stages of learning, which was developed by Brainerd et al., will be presented. The focus will be on parameter interpretation in terms of long-term memory (LTM) processes. Next the model will be used to examine the contribution of these various LTM processes to Schooltype and Age differences in a word-pair memorization experiment. Subjects were 8 and 11-year-old normal-achieving (NA) children from regular elementary schools and 8 and 11-year-old children from special schools for learning disabled (LD) children. One of the main conclusions is that the Schooltype × Age interaction which was demonstrated for traditional performance measures, can be explained by LD children's little developmental progress in storage processes and deviations from normal development in aspects of the acquisition of retrieval algorithms. No deficiences were, however, detected in the LD children's rerention ability early in the task, and in the so-called heuristic retrieval operations. 相似文献
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In The Netherlands new policy guidelines have resulted in grouping regular and special schools in school clusters, in redistributing the funding of special needs and in appointing a support coordinator in every school. Since the support coordinator, or interne begeleider, is a rather new phenomenon in most schools, data about their roles and tasks were not available. This study attempted to gather such data. The results indicate that support coordinators in The Netherlands are involved in making individual educational programmes, in supporting the class teacher and in coordinating special needs education in their school. The coordinators in this research state that the available time for these tasks is insufficient. 相似文献
10.
In many countries in the western world thegovernment is stepping back in the steering andfunding of higher education. As a consequence,institutes for higher education try to find additionalincomes on the market. Sometimes, this happens onlyfor financial reasons, sometimes as a result of adeliberate market-focused strategy. In this way,former publicly funded universities turn intoso-called hybrid organisations. The maincharacteristic of these hybrid organisations is thatthey try to combine the traditional task- and themodern market-steering. These hybrid universities haveto solve a number of problems in the field ofstrategy-making, internal organisation and thematching of different cultures. In this contributionnew concepts will be presented forstrategy-development and internal organisation of thehybrid university. The differences between thecultures of the traditional academia and the modernmarket are discussed and it is indicated how to bridgethe observed gap between these cultures. The hybriduniversity will be presented as the university conceptfor the 21st century. 相似文献