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The role of academic technology transfer organizations in improving industry science links 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
The transfer of scientific and technological know-how into valuable economic activity has become a high priority on many policy agendas. Industry Science Links (ISLs) are an important dimension of this policy orientation. Over the last decades, multiple insights have been gained (both theoretical and empirical) as to how “effective” ISLs can be fostered through the design and the development of university-based technology transfer organizations (TTOs). In this paper, we document and analyze the evolution of “effective” university-based technology transfer mechanisms. We describe how decentralized organizational approaches and incentives that stimulate the active involvement of the research groups in the exploitation of their research findings might be combined with specialized central services offering intellectual property management and spin-off support. More particularly, we analyze how the creation of:
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- an appropriate balance between centralization and decentralization within academia;
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- the design of appropriate incentive structures for academic research groups;
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- the implementation of appropriate decision and monitoring processes within the TTO
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Bart Van Looy Paolo LandoniJulie Callaert Bruno van PottelsbergheEleftherios Sapsalis Koenraad Debackere 《Research Policy》2011,40(4):553-564
The phenomenon of entrepreneurial universities has received considerable attention over the last decades. An entrepreneurial orientation by academia might put regions and nations in an advantageous position in emerging knowledge-intensive fields of economic activity. At the same time, such entrepreneurial orientation requires reconciliation with the scientific missions of academia. Large-scale empirical research on antecedents of the entrepreneurial effectiveness of universities is scarce. This contribution examines the extent to which scientific productivity affect entrepreneurial effectiveness, taking into account the size of universities and the presence of disciplines, as well as the R&D intensity of the regional business environment (BERD). In addition, we assess the occurrence of trade-offs between different transfer mechanisms (contract research, patenting and spin off activity). The data used pertain to 105 European universities. Our findings reveal that scientific productivity is positively associated with entrepreneurial effectiveness. Trade-offs between transfer mechanisms do not reveal themselves; on the contrary, contract research and spin off activities tend to facilitate each other. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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One of the challenges engineers face is how to deal with the combination of scientific‐technological and social factors in the development and implementation of new technologies. To prepare student engineers for this there are two options: (a) train a special type of engineer, who has had a combination of engineering and social science courses; and (b) teach the ‘normal’ engineers to get a good feeling for the relevance of social factors to their work. Both types of training are offered at the Eindhoven University of Technology. In this article, we describe the results of a study into the way student engineers in their master's thesis struggle with the integration of social factors in their engineering work. A programme of guidelines for doing this in a more sophisticated way has been developed on the basis of these experiences and of literature in the field of technology assessment and design methodology. 相似文献
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Femke Bannink Koenraad Stroeken Richard Idro Geert van Hove 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2015,62(2):182-201
This article describes the findings of a qualitative study on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices towards children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus in four regions of Uganda. Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were held with parents of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus, policy-makers, and service providers. Our findings describe how negative knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices create barriers to treatment and inclusion of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus and their parents in Uganda. The findings show how knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices evolve over time, are both similar and differ in the various regions, and become more conducive towards accessing treatment and achieving inclusion. Sensitisation and early intervention including parents and service providers in dissemination of knowledge, rehabilitative care to set the trend for positive change and support, as well as longitudinal studies of children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus and their parents are recommended. 相似文献
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We show that Malaysian Commerce students construct a future for themselves as they construct a vocation through education. Such a vocation is dependent on aspirations which are culturally and linguistically constructed. The students we taught were participating in an English medium Commerce degree taught at a Malaysian university. We enquired as to their home language use and the language they expected to use once they had graduated and were in a position in commerce. They appeared to downgrade the significance of their home languages in preference to English. Such a preference is understandable and advantageous in their educational setting. Whilst it is possibly disadvantageous for a realistic assessment of the linguistic capacities which they will need in the workplace, it reflects an awareness that standard English is advantageous for selection and promotion purposes. We take this to be an example of a neo-colonialist affective stance. 相似文献
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