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STEPHEN A. ROLL MAUREEN A. CROWLEY LAWRENCE E. RAPPL 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1985,24(3):234-243
The purpose of this audiovisual counseling study was to determine if variations in counselor nonverbal behavior result in enhanced or debilitated perceptions of counselor expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness. Three groups of participants rated the perceived expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness of a counselor emitting nonverbal behavior at a high, moderate, or low frequency. In addition, a fourth group rated the perceived expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness of the counselor role. Results indicate that: (a) low frequency counselor nonverbal behavior results in debilitated perceptions of counselors; (b) the counselor role is perceived as moderately expert, attractive, trustworthy, and helpful; and (c) compared with the counselor role, high frequency counselor nonverbal behavior does not enhance the perceived expertness, attractiveness, trustworthiness, and helpfulness of counselors. Implications for counseling practice, theory, and research are discussed. 相似文献
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The equating accuracy of content-representative anchors versus nonrepresen-tative but substantially longer anchors is compared. Content representation was defined as a match between anchors and total test of the percentage of items in each of several content areas. Through a chain of equatings it was found that content representation in anchors was critical for the testing program studied. The results are explained in terms of differences in mean profiles (by content area) of the nonrandom groups used for equating. 相似文献
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NATHANIEL LAWRENCE 《Educational theory》1965,15(3):205-216
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LAWRENCE H. CROSS JAMES C. IMPARA ROBERT B. FRARY RICHARD M. JAEGER 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1984,21(2):113-129
Minimum standards were established for the National Teacher Examinations (NTE) area examinations in mathematics and in elementary education by independent panels of teacher educators who had been instructed in the use of either the Angoff, Nedelsky, or Jaeger procedures. Of these three procedures, only the Jaeger method requires that normative data be provided to the judges when evaluating the items. However, it was of interest to study the effect such information would have upon the standards obtained using the other two methods. Therefore, the design incorporated three sequential review sessions with the level of normative information different for each. A three-factor ANOVA revealed significant main effects for methods and sessions but not for subject area. None of the interactions was significant. The anticipated failure rates, the psychometric characteristics of the ratings, and other factors suggest that the Angoff procedure, as modified during the second session of this study, yields the most defensible standards for the NTE area examinations. 相似文献