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1.
Windsor J Benigno JP Wing CA Carroll PJ Koga SF Nelson CA Fox NA Zeanah CH 《Child development》2011,82(4):1040-1046
This report examines 174 young children's language outcomes in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, the first randomized trial of foster placement after institutional care. Age of foster placement was highly correlated with language outcomes. Placement by 15 months led to similar expressive and receptive language test scores as typical age peers at 30 and 42 months. Placement from 15 to 24 months also led to dramatic language improvement. In contrast, children placed after 24 months had the same severe language delays as children in institutional care. Language samples at 42 months confirmed that placement after 24 months led to lower expressive skill. 相似文献
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Mouna Liliane Samman 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1993,39(1-2):63-73
Résumé Les migrations internationales ont des implications croissantes dans les pays de départ et les pays d'accueil des migrants. Dans ces derniers, la présence d'étrangers et de membres de leurs familles pose de nos jours des problèmes d'insertion, suscite la polémique et entraine une montée de la xénophobie. Parallèlement aux mesures d'ordre politique, économique et social qui sont prises au niveau des pouvoirs publics pour régler ces problèmes, l'institution éducative doit contribuer à désamorcer les tensions sociales en jouant son rôle dans la préparation des esprits et l'évolution des mentalités.Plus particulièrement, lorsque les programmes d'enseignement aborderont les questions de migrations internationales ils devraient les traiter dans le cadre de l'évolution de l'histoire pour leur donner toute leur signification et les ramener à leur vraie dimension temporelle et spatiale. Il est important aussi que l'accroissement de l'interdépendance entre les pays soit mis en relief, que l'histoire nationale soit placée dans le contexte international et que les véritables enjeux liés à ces mouvements soient clarifiés. Dans ce contexte, une initiation des apprenants aux Droits de l'homme est nécessaire, initiation qui concentrera sur les valeurs morales universelles ou touchant l'individu. Enfin, les questions de migrations internationales sont généralement présentées dans les médias d'une manière sélective et partiale. Et les jeunes qui saisissent l'information, souvent, perçoivent les jugements immédiats portés sur les situations et l'actualité comme des preuves et arguments. Voilà pourquoi tout enseignement sur les questions de migrations internationales devrait être pensé ou repensé par référence à l'action complémentaire ou concurrente des médias.
International migrations have growing implications for both countries of origin and countries of destination. In the latter, the presence of foreigners and of members of their families today creates problems of integration, causes argument and brings mounting xenophobia. Paralleling political, economic and social measures taken by public authorities to respond to these difficulties, education needs to assist in defusing the resulting social tensions by preparing the minds of learners and helping to develop new attitudes.In particular, when educational programmes address questions of international migration, these should be treated in the framework of historical evolution so that their real significance and their true temporal and spatial dimensions become apparent. It is also important that the growing interdependence between countries should be made plain, that national history should be placed in its international context, and that the true consequences of these developments should be made clear. In this context, learners need to be acquainted with Human Rights, thereby stressing universal moral values and the role of the individual. Lastly, questions relating to international migration are usually presented in the media in a selective and partial manner, and the young people who take in this information often accept the hasty judgments which are made of situations as proven facts. This is why all teaching about international migration needs to be considered or reconsidered in the light of the complementary or competing actions of the media.
Zusammenfassung Internationale Völkerwanderungen haben sowohl auf das Heimatland als auch auf das Aufnahmeland wachsenden Einfluß. Im letzteren bringt die Präsenz von Ausländern und ihren Familienmitgliedern Integrationsprobleme mit sich und führt zu öffentlichen Debatten und wachsender Ausländerfeindlichkeit. Parallel zu den von den öffentlichen Behörden ergriffenen politischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Maßnahmen zur Lösung dieser Probleme, sollte der Bildungssektor beim Abbau der aufgebauten sozialen Spannungen helfen, indem Schüler entsprechend vorbereitet werden und die Entwicklung neuer Ansichten gefördert wird.Besonders dann, wenn Bildungsprogramme Fragen nach internationalen Völkerwanderungen aufwerfen, sollten diese im Rahmen der historischen Evolution entwickelt werden, damit ihre wahre Bedeutung und die genauen Zeit- und Raumdimensionen herausgestellt werden.Außerdem sollte die wachsende Interpendenz zwischen den Ländern aufgezeigt, die nationale Geschichte in ihren internationalen Kontext gebracht und die wahren Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklungen deutlich herausgestellt werden. In diesem Kontext müssen die Lernenden mit den Menschenrechten, insbesondere den universellen moralischen Werten und der Rolle des Einzelnen vertraut gemacht werden. Im letzten Teil werden Fragen unter dem Aspekt internationaler Völkerwanderungen aufgeworfen, die im allgemeinen nur selektiv und unvollständig in den Medien präsentiert werden. Junge Menschen, die diese Informationen aufnehmen, verinnerlichen die überstürzten Beurteilungen häufig, in denen Situationen als gegebene Fakten dargestellt werden. Darum müssen alle Lehransätze über internationale Völkerwanderungen berücksichtigt oder unter dem Aspekt von Konkurrenz-oder Ergänzungsaktionen der Medien neu betrachtet werden.相似文献
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Jennifer Martin Pascale Colé Christel Leuwers Séverine Casalis Michel Zorman Liliane Sprenger-Charolles 《Annals of dyslexia》2010,60(2):238-264
This study investigated the reading and reading-related skills of 15 French-speaking adults with dyslexia, whose performance
was compared with that of chronological-age controls (CA) and reading-level controls (RL). Experiment 1 assessed the efficiency
of their phonological reading-related skills (phonemic awareness, phonological short-term memory, and rapid automatic naming
(RAN)) and experiment 2 assessed the efficiency of their lexical and sublexical (or phonological) reading procedures (reading
aloud of pseudowords and irregular words of different lengths). Experiment 1 revealed that adults with dyslexia exhibited
lower phonological reading-related skills than CAs only, and were better than RL controls on the RAN. In experiment 2, as
compared with RL controls, only a deficit in the sublexical reading procedure was observed. The results of the second experiment
replicated observations from English-language studies but not those of the first experiment. Several hypotheses are discussed
to account for these results, including one related to the transparency of orthographic systems. 相似文献
4.
Kathryn Kohnert Jennifer Windsor Dongsun Yim 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2006,21(1):19-29
We report results from 2 language‐based processing tasks designed to investigate the performance of linguistically diverse learners. The tasks were the Competing Language Processing Task (CLPT) and Non‐Word Repetition (NWR). Participants were 100 school‐age children in 1 of 3 different experimental groups: monolingual English‐speaking children with specific or primary language impairment (LI), typical English‐only‐speaking children (EO), or typical Spanish–English bilingual children (BI). On both CLPT and NWR, EO group performance was best and LI group performance was poorest, with BI group performance falling in between. Likelihood ratios indicated that performance on these tasks does not provide compelling diagnostic power for separating typically developing bilinguals from monolingual children with LI. One exception is that children who obtained an NWR score of 93 percent or higher could be ruled out of the LI group with a high degree of confidence. 相似文献
5.
Liliane Dionne Giuliano Reis Louis Trudel Gabriel Guillet Leonard Kleine Corina Hancianu 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(3):669-693
Science fairs have been for many years a popular school activity in North America. They are a venue for the popularization of science and consequently an important encouragement for the pursuit of careers in science or engineering. However, little is known about students?? perceived motives for participating in local or national science fairs and about the way in which their involvement mediates their interest in science learning and scientific careers. The present study investigates the motivational factors associated with the high school students?? decision to participate in the 2008 Canada-Wide Science Fair, a thoroughly selected and highly motivated group. Our study examines 5 sources of motivation: (1) interest in science content, (2) sense of self-efficacy, (3) assurance of achievement through rewards or gratifications, (4) the social aspect of participating and (5) working strategies to gain scientific knowledge and methods. The understanding of the anticipated benefits participants seek through their involvement in science fairs may have the potential to help science teachers adapt instruction to appeal to a broader range of students in schools, thus nourishing the emergence of more interest in science. 相似文献
6.
This study was aimed at investigating the development of reading and spelling skills in French. First graders were tested twice (in February and in June). Phonological mediation was expected to play a major role at the beginning of reading and spelling acquisition, and thus a regularity effect was predicted. Under the assumption that alphabetical processing is primarily sequential, i.e. letter by letter, a complexity effect was predicted as well. In other words, subjects would read and spell words containing one-letter graphemes more accurately than words containing multi-letter graphemes. Further, processing was assumed to be strictly alphabetical at the beginning of acquisition, no frequency effect was expected. Overall, the role of phonological mediation is confirmed. A complexity effect testifying to sequential alphabetic processing was observed for spelling but not for reading. The hypothesis of a strict reliance on alphabetical processing is not confirmed since a frequency effect was observed in both reading and spelling. These findings are discussed in the light of the Frith, Morton, and Seymour models. 相似文献
7.
In a previous study, we investigated the impact of an awareness-raising campaign on the behaviour of secondary school children in the Centre Region of France, regarding the recycling of used batteries. But, was it a question of pro-environmental behaviour or simply an environmental action? To answer this question, a three-year longitudinal study was carried out, revealing that the awareness-raising campaign had a greater impact on stabilizing the children’s behaviour than on the adoption of sustainable pro-environmental behaviour. 相似文献
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Collaboration is becoming increasingly important in the realm of education （Novoa, 2004）. For instance, as soon as training is undertaken, the future teacher must develop an ability to cooperate in a pedagogical context. However, in order to learn to make a relevant contribution to a teaching team＇s undertakings and to provide innovative suggestions in pedagogical matters （Gouvernement du Quebec, 2001）, the student teacher needs solid backing from the cooperating teacher. A student teacher＇s willingness to reflect on and to question his own teaching practices will create a much more promising learning context （Portelance ＆ Durand, 2006）. Reciprocally, the cooperating teacher will make a positive contribution to the student teacher by accepting that his positions be questioned and even altered （Johnston, Wetherill ＆ Greenebaum, 2002）. It is the dynamics of sharing of knowledge and know-how in this partnership that retains our interest. From 2004 to 2007, the researchers carried out a study of the subject by examining four practicum sessions at high school level in a number of Quebec schools. To gather data, the researchers used written questionnaires, individual interviews, as well as recordings of conversations between student teachers and their cooperating teachers. These conversations pertain to the conception and to the execution, by the student teacher, of teaching-learning situations. These dialogues were integrally transcribed and processed by N＇vivo, software designed to analyze qualitative data. the researchers present a typology of the respective roles taken on by the two partners in their discussions. The cooperating teacher reveals himself to be an advisor, a transmitter of information and a teacher. The student teacher also takes on the role of transmitter of information, as well as that of reflective practitioner, among others, the researchers observed that the conversations are usually carried out in an egalitarian spirit and, in some cases, give rise to co-construction of practical knowledge. 相似文献