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Theodore D. Cosco David Brehme Nora Grigoruta Lisa-Katrin Kaufmann Liis Lemsalu Ruth Meex 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(11):800-813
Successful aging (SA) has been conceptualized in a number of ways. Despite increasing research into how laypersons define SA, few studies capturing lay perspectives of SA in younger cohorts and in non-English speaking countries have been undertaken. The current study examines cross-cultural perspectives of SA in young (aged 18–35), lay adults from a variety of continental European countries and Turkey. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling from social network sites and invited to participate in an online survey. Persons between 18–35 years from Belgium, Estonia, Germany, Netherlands, Romania, Switzerland, or Turkey were included. Respondents (total: 390; Belgian: 32; Estonian: 96; German: 76; Romanian: 47; Swiss: 39; Dutch: 30; Turkish: 70), were primarily women (56.4%) and students (66.2%), with an average age of 24.1 years (SD 3.7). Personal resources, social and active engagement all emerged as dominant themes across countries, but were articulated in subtly different ways in the participant countries. Positive perspectives, desirable attributes and satisfaction themes were intertwined within themes of acceptance and engagement. The current study provides a first step in the inclusion of geographic and cultural diversity into the SA literature. These results suggest that layperson conceptualizations of SA have broad-sweeping similarities, but further research is required to articulate the nuance of cultural influences on SA. 相似文献
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Dr. Katrin Kaufmann Dipl.-Päd. Sarah Widany 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2013,16(1):29-54
This contribution starts out from the assumption that participation in continuing professional education is realized in the context of different opportunity structures and an analysis of participation selectivity must take account of both self-selection and external selection processes. The different opportunity structures are described using approaches from segmentation and economic theory, which lead to the identification of three segments of continuing professional education. Participation structures in the three training segments are shown using logistic regressions, which take account of socio-demographic and individual characteristics of the social and employment environment. These predictors display segment-specific influences, which emphasizes the importance of differentiated perspectives on continuing professional education. Overall, participation is shown to be clearly influenced by external selection processes. The basis of the analyses is data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), cohort 2009/10. 相似文献
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Learning Environments Research - Given the array of positive outcomes associated with building and maintaining a positive learning environment, the purpose of this study was to explore associations... 相似文献
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Geir Kaufmann 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3):101-108
Kaufmann, G. 1979. The Explorer and the Assimilator: A Cognitive Style Distinction and Its Potential Implications for Innovative Problem Solving. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 23, 101‐108. A novel cognitive style distinction is introduced: The Assimilator is presumed to be guided by a Rational (R) strategy which is seen essentially to consist in stretching established principles as far as possible in coping with novel tasks. In contrast, the Explorer spontaneously seeks novel solution alternatives, even in problem situations that are easily mastered through the application of a standard principle. The assets and liabilities of these different approaches in problem solving are discussed, with special reference to innovation. It is hypothesized that the Explorer in this respect is in a more profitable position. A modified version of Luchin's Einstellung‐situation provided the empirical basis for distinguishing between Assimilators and Explorers and allowed for a validation of the theoretical assumptions. The results clearly supported the hypotheses of the experiment. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed and some suggestions for further research are made. 相似文献
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The literature suggests that simple expert (mathematical) models can improve the quality of decisions, but people are not always eager to accept and endorse such models. We ran three online experiments to test the receptiveness to advice from computerized expert models. Middle- and high-school teachers (N = 435) evaluated student profiles that varied in several personal and task relevant factors. They were offered (Studies I and II), or could ask for (Study III), advice from either expert models or human advisors. Overall, teachers requested and followed advice of expert models less frequently than advice from humans. Task-relevant factors (task difficulty) seem to be more salient than personal factors for teachers’ willingness to receive advice. 相似文献
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Ilana Kaufmann Karim M. Hamza Carl-Johan Rundgren Lars Eriksson 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(12):1601-1624
ABSTRACTThis study explores first-year university students’ reasoning as they learn to draw Lewis structures. We also present a theoretical account of the formal procedure commonly taught for drawing these structures. Students’ discussions during problem-solving activities were video recorded and detailed analyses of the discussions were made through the use of practical epistemology analysis (PEA). Our results show that the formal procedure was central for drawing Lewis structures, but its use varied depending on situational aspects. Commonly, the use of individual steps of the formal procedure was contingent on experiences of chemical structures, and other information such as the characteristics of the problem given. The analysis revealed a number of patterns in how students constructed, checked and modified the structure in relation to the formal procedure and the situational aspects. We suggest that explicitly teaching the formal procedure as a process of constructing, checking and modifying might be helpful for students learning to draw Lewis structures. By doing so, the students may learn to check the accuracy of the generated structure not only in relation to the octet rule and formal charge, but also to other experiences that are not explicitly included in the formal procedure. 相似文献
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Liane Kaufmann Margarete Delazer Renate Pohl Carlo Semenza Ann Dowker 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(5):405-431
The present study compared the relative effects of 2 educational programs on kindergarten children. The experimental group took part in a numeracy-specific program, which focused on conceptual knowledge. Children were taught basic numerical skills such as understanding and handling numbers and their relations as well as counting principles. The control group participated in a more general program which involved training in procedural skills. Results revealed significant learning effects in the children who participated in the numeracy program particularly for counting sequences and mental calculation. Since neither group was explicitly trained in mental calculation, our findings suggest that a learning transfer took place in the experimental group. 相似文献