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Lang AJ Laffaye C Satz LE McQuaid JR Malcarne VL Dresselhaus TR Stein MB 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(11):1281-1292
OBJECTIVE: Women with histories of childhood maltreatment (CM) have higher rates of physical health problems and greater medical utilization compared to women without abuse histories. This study examined whether current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediate the relationship between CM and indicators of physical health and medical utilization in female veterans. METHOD: Respondents were 221 female veterans (56% of the potential sample), who received medical care from the San Diego VA Healthcare System during a 12-month period. Respondents provided self-report information about CM, PTSD symptoms, use of pain medication, and physical symptoms and functioning. Additional information about medical utilization was extracted from respondents' medical charts. Regression-based models were conducted to test whether PTSD symptoms mediate the relationships between CM and physical symptoms and between CM and medical utilization. RESULTS: Emotional abuse was associated with poorer role-physical functioning, increased bodily pain and greater odds of using pain medication in the past 6 months. Physical abuse was associated with poorer general health. Contrary to prediction, emotional neglect was associated with better role-physical functioning, and CM was not associated with increased healthcare utilization. PTSD was shown to mediate the relationship between emotional and physical abuse and health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD, or psychopathology more generally, appears to be an important factor in the negative health impact of CM. Given that several empirically supported interventions are available for PTSD, there may be physical health benefits in early identification and treatment of psychopathology related to CM. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: The goal was to develop a retrospective inventory of parental threatening behavior to facilitate a better understanding of such behavior's role in the etiology of psychological distress. METHOD: Inventory items were developed based on theory and 135 students' responses to a question eliciting examples of threatening parental behavior. Following item development, two additional student samples (n = 200 and n = 603) completed batteries of self-report measures. Responses were used to eliminate unstable or redundant items from the inventory and to examine the inventory's psychometric properties. RESULTS: Factor analysis of the inventory revealed three factors, accounting for 66.2% of variance; this factor structure is compatible with theory, and consistent across maternal behavior scores, paternal behavior scores, and combined maternal and paternal scores. Cronbach's coefficient alphas indicated acceptable internal consistency; Pearson correlation coefficients indicated acceptable 4-week test-retest reliability. Moderate intercorrelations with two retrospective measures of childhood experiences suggested construct validity. Regression analyses demonstrated the ability of the inventory to predict both anxious and depressive symptomatology and lifetime symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorder. Normative data on combined parent scores, maternal scores, and paternal scores are also presented. CONCLUSIONS: Initial psychometric testing of the Parent Threat Inventory (PTI) suggests it is a reliable and valid tool for investigating the developmental antecedents of adult psychological distress. Further research should focus on addressing two limitations: (1) lack of normative and psychometric data on men and women suffering from clinical disorders, and (2) lack of validation by parental reporting. 相似文献
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This essay reflects upon the themes that emerged from the seminar "Teaching and Organization of Studies in the Virtual and Classical University: Conflict and/or Mutual Reinforcement", for which the articles appearing in this issue of Higher Education in Europe were originally prepared. The reflections are organized around four major themes: (i) the acceleration of change in higher education owing mostly to the ICTs; (ii) complementarity and contrast between virtual and classical universities; (iii) institutional responses to change; and (iv) quality issues. Various agendas for further attention are proposed. 相似文献
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评定复杂协调性项目运动员能力的理论依据和测试选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
专项运动员协调能力始终是竞技后备人才培养问题的焦点。为了确定协调能力与技/战术能力、调整能力发展水平、青少年运动员和成年运动员心理/生理功能发育之间的相互关系,评定复杂协调性项目运动员能力,利用测试作业对训练过程各个阶段中协调能力的发展动态进行跟踪,比较这些结果,同时对各个运动项目运动员的协调训练程度进行比较分析。测试结果有助于了解青少年运动员协调训练程度的基本概貌,编制针对具体基础性协调能力发展水平的分辨性评定的标尺,同时确定协调训练程度总的水平。结果显示:协调能力作为制约比赛活动效果的因素之一,其意义越来越重要,从而决定了开展针对研制诊断协调训练程度计划的研究的必要性。作为测试作业的基础应当是有科学依据的理论,它不仅使监督性测试具有心理/生理学含义,而且能揭示某一种协调能力发展中存在的个体差异的本质。 相似文献
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