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Joan Lieber Paula J. Beckman Marci J. Hanson Susan Janko Jules M. Marquart Eva Horn Samuel L. Odom 《Early education and development》1997,8(1):67-82
As inclusion of young children with disabilities into preschool programs has become more prevalent, there have been concomitant changes in the roles assumed by the professionals and paraprofessionals in these programs. In this paper we examine the ways in which inclusive models influence the roles assumed by the program staff and the factors that affect the ability of staff members to assume these roles. Data, which included interviews, participant observation and document analysis, were collected as part of a multi-site national study of inclusive education programs and practices. From these data, themes emerged regarding the changing roles and relationships of staff members in inclusive early childhood programs. These themes are discussed as both facilitators of and barriers to successful inclusive programs. 相似文献
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Kelley Regan Anna Evmenova Pam Baker Marci Kinas Jerome Vicky Spencer Holly Lawson Terry Werner 《The Internet and Higher Education》2012,15(3):204-212
In an effort to expand existing research on the barriers of instructors experience in online learning environments (OLEs), a qualitative study was conducted at a large mid-Atlantic university. Six instructors teaching in different OLE formats (e.g., asynchronous, hybrid, and synchronous via videoconferencing) participated in two focus groups in order to explore their emotional experiences and ways to regulate the emotions when teaching in OLEs. The overarching themes included emotions of feeling (a) restricted, (b) stressed, (c) devalued, (d) validated, and (e) rejuvenated. The article also provides practical strategies on how participating instructors attempted to manage the challenging emotions. A consensus among all participants is that continuous dialog in a community of practice about strategies to enhance OLEs is imperative. 相似文献
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Terry A. Stinnett Stephanie A. Crawford Marci D. Gillespie Michael K. Cruce Courtney A. Langford 《Psychology in the schools》2001,38(6):585-591
Future teachers' judgments of acceptability for two common treatments for children with the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) label were examined. One hundred forty‐four pre‐service teachers were grouped according to their high school location at graduation (urban vs. rural) and were randomly assigned to read one of four vignettes. The content of the vignettes was held constant but label (ADHD vs no label) and treatments (special education placement vs. Ritalin) were varied. Results indicated a significant main effect on treatment acceptability for High School Location, a Label × Treatment interaction on the attention problems variable, a main effect for Label on the social problems variable, and a High School Location × Treatment interaction on the social problems variable. A number of implications can be made. Observer characteristics such as urban or rural high school experiences may influence judgments about a labeled child more than the characteristics of the child being observed. In this study, the ADHD label evoked greater expectations of attentional difficulties even when the pattern of functioning was similar to nonlabeled children. On the other hand, children with the ADHD label were judged as having better social functioning, which suggests that the ADHD label allows observers to attribute behavioral difficulties or the social problems displayed by these children to some factor that is outside the control of the child, or for which the child does not have personal responsibility. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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At the beginning came the job aid. Now, we incline toward performance support tools (PSTs), sometimes fondly described as “job aids on steroids.” PSTs that support employee performance have been studied, but scant attention has been paid to the PSTs that add to people's everyday lives beyond work. We studied 30 diverse people, voluntary PST users, to gauge their opinions and attitudes about such widely available PSTs as MapQuest, VideoJug, eHow, WebMD, and Turbo Tax. 相似文献
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Virginia W. Berninger William D. Winn Patricia Stock Robert D. Abbott Kate Eschen Shin-Ju Lin Noelia Garcia Marci Anderson-Youngstrom Heather Murphy Dan Lovitt Pamala Trivedi Janine Jones Dagmar Amtmann William Nagy 《Reading and writing》2008,21(1-2):95-129
Two instructional experiments used randomized, controlled designs to evaluate the effectiveness of writing instruction for
students with carefully diagnosed dyslexia, which is both an oral reading and writing disorder, characterized by impaired
word decoding, reading, and spelling. In Study 1 (4th to 6th grade sample and 7th to 9th grade sample), students were randomly
assigned to orthographic or morphological spelling treatment but all students were taught strategies for planning, writing,
and reviewing/revising narrative and expository texts. Both treatments resulted in improvement on three measures of spelling
and one measure of composition. Morphological treatment resulted in better improvement in spelling pseudowords, whereas orthographic
treatment resulted in better improvement in rate of reading pseudowords. In Study 2 (4th to 6th grade sample), students were
randomly assigned to explicit language treatment (phonological working memory + phonological-orthographic spelling + science
report writing training) or nonverbal problem solving treatment (virtual reality-based computer simulation, drawing maps,
and building clay models). Both treatments used science content material and resulted in significant improvement in spelling
and reading pseudowords (accuracy and rate). The surprising finding was that hands-on, engaging science problem solving led
to more improvement in phonological working memory than did specialized phonological instruction. Only when spelling instruction
emphasized orthography or morphology (Study 1) did real word spelling improve.
Preparation of this chapter was supported by Grant Nos. HD25858 and P50 33812 from the National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development (NICHD).
In Study 1 teaching assistants included Sylvia Abbott, Marci Anderson-Youngstrom, Belle Chennault, Kate Eschen, Noelia Garcia,
Sandra Hiramatsu, Lynn Junell, Julia Kim, Stephanie King, Shin-Ju (Cindy) Lin, Rebecca Metzger, Heather Murphy, Jennifer Norton,
Sue Palewicz, Rebecca Pirie, and Suzanna West. Also on the assessment team were Sylvia Abbott, Belle Chenault, Kate Eschen,
and Rebecca Pirie. Certified teachers Diana Hoffer and Christina Johnson implemented the composition lessons written by the
first author. In Study 2, teaching assistants included Nicole Alston-Abel, Leah Altemeier, Wade Altom, Marci Anderson-Youngstrom,
Annie Boyd, Nicole Garcia, Laura Gould, Marta Holsinger, Yen-Ling Lee, Shin-Ju (Cindy) Lin, Laurie McCarthy, Heather Murphy,
Hema O’Shea, Michelle Proux, Kristine Tardiff, and Kari Terjeson. Janine Jones supervised the assessment team. Margaret McShane
and Doug Stock served as administrative assistants. 相似文献
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In response to the national conversation about the U.S.-Mexico border and immigration in recent years, we created an online partnership between students in concurrent border studies courses at our two campuses: a public Hispanic-serving institution in South Texas and a private, small liberal arts college in Michigan. We explored whether and how the tensions between privileged and disadvantaged students documented in the traditional classroom would manifest online, and how we could use virtual technologies most effectively to structure transformative learning, defined as recognition and articulation of the structural and cultural systems that frame individual experience and meaning-making, across difference. As we document in this essay, tensions around racial, class, and educational inequality did occur in our partnership. Yet these tensions were crucial in creating the conditions for transformative learning because they generated “disorienting dilemmas” that challenged students’ assumptions and knowledge. Our intentional integration of critical multiculturalist curriculum and pedagogical practices (especially embodied, facilitated online interactions) capitalized upon those conditions. By the end of the partnership, both groups of students experienced significant—but distinctive—trajectories of transformative learning that unsettled not only their individual understandings, but also the dynamics of power that characterize the higher education landscape. Given the polarization wrought by border and immigration discourse and educational policies that will likely produce increasingly segregated campuses in years to come, such online partnerships show promise for critical multiculturalist educators seeking to create opportunities for learning across difference and inequality. 相似文献
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Anna S. Evmenova Heidi J. Graff Marci Kinas Jerome Michael M. Behrmann 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2010,25(4):170-182
This investigation examined the effects of currently available word prediction software programs that support phonetic/inventive spelling on the quality of journal writing by six students with severe writing and/or spelling difficulties in grades three through six during a month‐long summer writing program. A changing conditions single‐subject research design was used and replicated across the participants. Using a daily writing prompt, students alternated between Co:Writer, WordQ, and WriteAssist word prediction programs. The results provided evidence for the effectiveness of various word prediction programs over word processing, and demonstrated improvements in spelling accuracy across conditions. Relative gains in the total number of words and composition rate were modest for the majority of the participants and should be interpreted with caution due to several methodological issues. The social validity interviews revealed that all students enjoyed the word prediction programs and found them beneficial. Study limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed. 相似文献